Structure
What verb tense is used after "if" in the third conditional?
Past perfect (had + past participle).
Complete: "If she ___ (call), I ___ (answer)."
had called / would have answered.
If she had called, I would have answered.
Is this correct? "If I would have known…"
No. Correct: "If I had known…"
If I ___ (see) him, I ___ (tell) him the truth.
had seen / would have told.
"You didn’t set an alarm.
Complete: 'If I ______ an alarm, I ______ late.' (Use wouldn’t have been in the second blank.)"
If I had set an alarm, I wouldn’t have been late.
What auxiliary verbs are used in the second part of the third conditional?
Would/could/might + have + past participle.
Give a third conditional example using "might".
"If I _______ earlier, I _______ the bus."
had left / might have caught
"If I had left earlier, I might have caught the bus."
What’s missing? "If they invited us, we would have gone."
"had invited" (must be past perfect).
If they had invited us, we would have gone.
They ___ (not fail) if they ___ (study).
wouldn’t have failed / had studied.
"She forgot her passport. Complete: 'If she ______ her passport, she ______.' (Use could have traveled in the second blank.)"
If she hadn’t forgotten her passport, she could have traveled.
Does the third conditional refer to real or imaginary situations?
Imaginary (hypothetical past).
"Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado"
"If you had studied, you would have passed."
What’s the error? "She would have been happier if she married him."
Should be: "if she had married him."
She would have been happier if she had married him.
What ___ (you/do) if you ___ (be) in my place?
would you have done / had been.
"They missed the flight. Complete: 'If they ______ earlier, they ______ it.' (Use wouldn’t have missed in the second blank.)"
If they had arrived earlier, they wouldn’t have missed it.
Convert this sentence into the third conditional: "I didn’t save money, so I couldn’t travel."
"If I had saved money, I could have traveled."
Correct this sentence: "If you would have told me, I helped you."
"If you had told me, I would have helped you."
Why is this wrong? "If you had ask me, I would have said yes."
"ask" → "asked" (past participle).
If you had asked me, I would have said yes.
If the weather ___ (be) better, we ___ (go) to the beach.
had been / would have gone.
"He didn’t check the instructions. Complete: 'If he ______ them, he ______.' (Use would have understood in the second blank.)"
If he had checked them, he would have understood.
What’s the difference between the second and third conditional?
The second is for hypothetical present/future; the third, for hypothetical past.
Create a third conditional sentence using 'could have' to describe a missed opportunity in a sports context.
We ______ the game if we ______ more.
We could have won the game if we had practiced more.
Explain the mistake: "If we didn’t lose the map, we wouldn’t have gotten lost."
"If we hadn’t lost the map…" (past perfect for past hypotheticals).
He ___ (not get) sick if he ___ (wear) a coat.
wouldn’t have gotten / had worn.
"The team lost the match. Complete: 'If they ______ harder, they ______.' (Use might have won in the second blank.)"
If they had trained harder, they might have won.