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100

What is a primary source in history?


A primary source is an original source from the past, created at the time being studied, such as a letter, diary, photograph, or artefact.


100

What is weather?


Weather is the day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere, such as rain, sunshine, temperature, and wind.


100

What is a need?


A need is something essential for living, such as food, water, or shelter.


100

A pen costs €2.

Sarah buys 4 pens.

How much does she spend?


Cost = 2 × 4 = €8


100

What is a noun? Give one example.


A noun is a naming word for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Example: school.


200

Give one reason why people in early societies chose to settle near rivers.

People settled near rivers because they provided water for drinking, farming, transport, and fertile land for crops.


200

Name one renewable energy source.


Wind energy is a renewable energy source because it will not run out.


200

Give one example of a good and one example of a service.



  • A good is a physical product, such as a book.
  • A service is something done for someone, such as a haircut.


200

A student walks 2 km to school and 2 km home each day.

How far does the student walk in 5 school days?


Daily distance = 2 + 2 = 4 km

Weekly distance = 4 × 5 = 20 km


200

Read the sentence below:

“The boy ran quickly down the road.”


Name one adjective in the sentence.


The adjective is “quickly”.


300

Name two features of a medieval castle and explain their purpose.



  • Moat – Made it difficult for attackers to reach the castle walls.
  • High stone walls – Protected people inside and made the castle harder to attack.


300

Give two characteristics of an urban area.



  • High population density
  • Many services such as shops, schools, and hospitals


300

Name two stakeholders in a business.



  • Employees – people who work for the business.
  • Customers – people who buy the goods or services.


300

A notebook costs €3.50.

A student buys 5 notebooks and pays with €20.

How much change does the student receive?


Total cost = 3.50 × 5 = €17.50

Change = 20 − 17.50 = €2.50


300

Give one reason why writers use descriptive language.


Writers use descriptive language to help the reader imagine the setting, characters, or events more clearly.


400

Explain two ways life changed in Ireland as a result of the Plantations.



  • Land was taken from Irish landowners and given to English and Scottish settlers.
  • New towns were built and English laws, language, and religion became more widespread.


400

Explain two effects of river erosion on the landscape.



  • River erosion can create V-shaped valleys as the river cuts downwards.
  • It can also form waterfalls where hard and soft rock erode at different rates.


400

Explain two advantages of saving money.



  • Saving provides money for emergencies.
  • Saving helps people plan for future purchases, such as a car or holiday.


400

A phone is priced at €240.

It is reduced by 15% in a sale.

How much is the phone after the discount?


15% of €240 = 0.15 × 240 = €36

Sale price = 240 − 36 = €204


400

Explain two things you learn about a character from their actions in a story.



  • A character’s actions can show their personality, such as whether they are kind or brave.
  • Actions can also show how a character changes or develops during the story.


500

Why is the 1916 Rising considered a turning point in Irish history?

 

The 1916 Rising is considered a turning point because it increased public support for Irish independence. Although the Rising failed militarily, the execution of its leaders led to greater sympathy for the rebels and helped lead to the War of Independence.


500

Explain why sustainable development is important.


Sustainable development is important because it allows people to meet their needs without damaging the environment or using up resources needed by future generations.


500

Explain the difference between fixed costs and variable costs.



  • Fixed costs stay the same no matter how much a business produces, such as rent.
  • Variable costs change depending on the level of production, such as raw materials.



500

A gym charges a joining fee of €30 and €25 per month.

How much will a student pay in total for 8 months?


Monthly cost = 25 × 8 = €200

Total cost = 200 + 30 = €230


500

Do you think stories are still important for young people today?

Give two reasons for your answer


Yes, stories are still important because they help young people understand different viewpoints and emotions.

They can also teach important lessons and help develop imagination and empathy.