Then and now
How do you make a time capsule in four steps?
Complete the instructions with the words in the box.
Word Bank:
close
container
hide
include
inside
items
outside
safe
Step 1:Decide what to put in your time capsule. Collect items and photos to help people understand what life is like in the present day.
Step 2:Write a note for the people who find your time capsule. Include information about your group and your lives.
Step 3:Create your time capsule. Find a container, put everything inside and close it tightly.
Step 4:Hide your time capsule. Store it in a safe place, for example, in a cupboard. Write the date that you want people to open it on the outside of your time capsule.
Complete the phrases with the words in the box: (money / clothes) to charity - your seat to (an older adult) on public transport - at (an animal shelter) - (an older adult) across the street - some litter in the bin - a thank-you message
donate
help
offer
put
volunteer
write
[ donate ] (money / clothes) to charity
[ offer ] your seat to (an older adult) on public transport
[ volunteer ] at (an animal shelter)
[ help ] (an older adult) across the street
[ put ] some litter in the bin
[ write ] a thank-you message
get fit
heart
injury
lose weight
lungs
muscles
pain
rest
stretch
warm up
Here are advanced, upper-level (B2–C1) examples using vocabulary from the fitness and health list:
Warm up / Stretch / Muscles
Failure to warm up adequately before high-intensity interval training can strain your muscles and lead to long-term tissue micro-tears, making it essential to stretch post-workout to maintain flexibility.
Injury / Rest / Pain
Although the athlete initially attempted to push through the acute joint pain, proper medical evaluation revealed an underlying ligament injury that mandated several weeks of complete bed rest.
Heart / Lungs / Get fit
Sustained aerobic conditioning not only elevates cardiovascular endurance by strengthening the heart and increasing the capacity of the lungs, but it also serves as a primary method to get fit effectively.
Lose weight / Train
Rather than strictly restricting caloric intake to lose weight, professional athletes prefer to train under a disciplined regimen that optimizes body composition while preserving lean mass.
maKE SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN
0 = no time 1 = not much time 2 = quite a lot of time 3 = a lot of time
A [ _____ ] playing sports B [ _____ ] listening to music C [ _____ ] using social media D [ _____ ] watching TV shows and films E [ _____ ] reading books F [ _____ ] playing an instrument G [ _____ ] playing board games H [ _____ ] doing arts and crafts I [ _____ ] shopping
I spend quite a lot of time playing sports like football after school.
I spend a lot of time listening to music while I study and travel.
I spend a lot of time reading books before going to sleep.
I spend no time playing board games during the week.
Use these verbs (3) and its opposites in a complete sentence:
buy
disagree
disappear
disconnect
lend
lose
send
spend
buy / sell
I want to buy a new laptop after I sell my old one.
disagree / agree
They often disagree about sports, but they always agree on where to eat.
disappear / appear
The sun will disappear behind the clouds and then appear again later.
disconnect / connect
You need to disconnect the charger from the wall before you connect it to the phone.
lend / borrow
I can lend you my book if you promise to return it, or you can borrow one from the library.
lose / win or lose / find
Our team does not want to lose the match; we want to win.
send / receive
I will send you an email today, and you should receive it in a few minutes.
spend / save
It is better to save your money for the future rather than spend it all at once.
Which are their opposites? Use 3 in complete sentences.
impatient
lazy
mean
rude
shy
unhelpful
unkind
impatient / patient
lazy / hard-working (or active)
mean / generous (or kind)
rude / polite
shy / outgoing (or confident)
unhelpful / helpful
unkind / kind
She used to be very shy, but now she is much more outgoing and friendly.
Instead of being rude, it is always better to be polite to your teachers.
Don't be lazy today—let's be hard-working and finish our homework early!
You should brush your teeth twice a day to maintain dental health and prevent cavities.
Regularly shampoo your hair and cut your nails to keep them clean and neat.
It is essential to change into clean clothes daily and use deodorant to stay fresh.
Make sure to go to the dentist for regular check-ups to protect your oral health.
mAKE SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN
be allowed to
can / can't
have to / don't have to
must / mustn't
Here are example sentences using each modal verb form from the box:
be allowed to
Students are allowed to use their calculators during the math exam.
We aren't allowed to bring pets into the library.
can / can't
You can borrow my notebook if you missed yesterday's class.
She can't join us for dinner tonight because she has to finish her project.
have to / don't have to
Drivers have to stop when the traffic light turns red.
You don't have to wake up early tomorrow because it's a holiday.
must / mustn't
You must wear a seatbelt at all times while in the car.
Visitors mustn't touch any of the artwork in the museum.
Summarise Carla's blog in 50 words.
Carla explains that in 1900, American teenagers did not exist; children left school at 14 to do dangerous, low-paying work out of financial necessity. However, in the 1920s and 1930s, new laws increased school attendance and provided time for leisure, creating the birth of modern teenage culture.
MEntion the 4 things you can donate to charity.
Teddy bears, socks and blankets, gaming equipment and glasses.
Match the words with the descriptions.
[ ] alarm
[ ] asleep
[ ] fit
[ ] fresh
[ ] get up
[ ] energy
[ ] lifestyle
[ ] personal hygiene
[ ] active
A the way that you live B healthy and strong C this helps you to wake up D busy doing things E get out of bed F not awake G keeping yourself healthy and clean H the power that your body has to do things I clean and new
[ C ] alarm
[ F ] asleep
[ B ] fit
[ I ] fresh
[ E ] get up
[ H ] energy
[ A ] lifestyle
[ G ] personal hygiene
[ D ] active
SUMMARISE THE TEXT: FRIENDSHIP PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE IN 100 WORDS.
Fifty years ago, people maintained fewer, closer friendships through face-to-face contact or phone calls. The rise of social media and apps like Huggle and UpHabit made expanding and managing networks easier. However, scientist Robin Dunbar suggests humans can naturally maintain only around 150 total connections, with just five close friends. Furthermore, experts warn that over-relying on digital messaging harms communication skills. Online interactions rely on brief messages and likes rather than deep conversations, non-verbal cues, body language, or facial expressions, which are essential emotional skills best developed through in-person interaction.
Put the past time phrases in order. Start with the most recent.
an hour ago
on Friday evening
at midnight last night
over the summer holidays
in 1900
this morning
in the 1920s and 30s
two weeks ago
last week
yesterday
Here is the list of past time phrases ordered from the most recent to the most distant in the past:
this morning
an hour ago
at midnight last night
yesterday
on Friday evening
last week
two weeks ago
over the summer holidays
in the 1920s and 30s
in 1900
Match the words with the definitions.
[ _____ ] find out
[ _____ ] talk over
[ _____ ] go away
[ _____ ] look after
[ _____ ] take part in
[ _____ ] pick up
[ _____ ] turn off
[ _____ ] work out
[ _____ ] turn on
A discuss something
B participate in something
C lift something with your hand
D leave somewhere
E care for someone or something
F stop something working
G learn information
H start something working
I learn the answer
G A D E B C F I H
Write four sentences about whether you or anyone in your family has done any of the activities below. Use the present perfect and your own ideas. PROVIDE DETAILS.
climb a mountain
learn a dance routine
ride a camel
snowboard
swim in a river
try judo
walk 25 km
win a race
Climb a mountain
My older brother has climbed a mountain in the Swiss Alps. He reached the summit during a summer hiking trip two years ago and said the panoramic views from the top were absolutely breathtaking.
Learn a dance routine
I have learned a full hip-hop dance routine with my dance group. We practiced every afternoon for three weeks to perform it live at our annual school talent show last month.
Swim in a river
My parents have swum in a cold mountain river during a camping holiday. They decided to jump in on a hot July afternoon, though they quickly got out because the glacier water was freezing!
Win a race
I have never won a 100-meter track race, but my best friend has won first place twice. She received a gold medal last spring after training rigorously with the regional athletic club for over six months.
PLAY? DO? OR GO?
athletics
bowling
chess
climbing
fitness training
gymnastics
handball
hiking
hockey
judo
karate
surfing
Play: bowling, chess, handball, hockey
Do: athletics, fitness training, gymnastics, judo, karate
Go: climbing, hiking, surfing
Compare and contrast your teacher's lifestyle when he/she was your age.
Personal pieces of work.
Choose one volunteer role below to do on your own or with a friend. Write sentences using be going to and give reasons for your choices.
Help at an art club for six- to eight-year-olds.
Pick up litter at the local beach or lake.
Work in a special hospital for wild birds and animals.
I'm going to help at the art club for children. I think it would be fun to work with six- to eight-year-olds.
SUMMARISE "DUM THE JUNK" IN 100 WORDS.
Cutting down on junk food is difficult because it combines appealing flavors, textures, and varieties, but healthy alternatives offer the same enjoyable qualities. Strong flavors like salt, sugar, and fat make junk food addictive; however, options like chili, lemon, and fresh fruit satisfy these cravings healthily. You can also match junk food's pleasant textures with crunchy carrots, creamy avocado, or chewy dried fruit. Finally, to keep your brain engaged, embrace a wide array of colorful, varied healthy foods instead of relying on processed options. Balancing nutritious choices with varied tastes ensures that eating healthy remains exciting without quitting junk food completely.
MAKE 5 sentences about the activities. Use (not) be allowed to, can / can't, (don't) have to, must / mustn't and the words below.
be careful
carry a tent
play against one opponent
shout
think carefully
wear boots
wear shoes
wear special clothes
Here are example sentences using the activities in bold along with the targeted modal verb structures:
Chess
You must think carefully before making a move.
You don't have to wear special clothes to play.
Climbing
You must be careful when scaling a steep rock face.
You have to wear boots designed for strong grip and ankle support.
Judo
You are allowed to play against one opponent at a time during a match.
You can't wear shoes on the tatami mat.
Hiking
You don't have to carry a tent if you are only going on a day trip.
You mustn't shout in quiet natural areas so you don't disturb the wildlife.