Fiction
Name three aspects that you might consider when analysing a short story/extract from a novel
Setting, Characterisation, Narrative technique, Title, Composition/structure, Theme/message, Relationship between characters, Language
What is wrong here? Correct and explain - using grammatical terminology (in Danish)
Everybody are here today.
Everybody is here today.
Kongruensfejl - subjektet "everybody" er 3. person singularis, derfor skal verballed "be" bøjes efter 3. person singularis, dvs "is" og ikke "are".
Name four aspects that you might consider when analysing a non-fiction text
Sender, receiver, circumstances, language (including modes of persuasion, rhetorical devices, etc.), argumentation, discourse, topic, intention,
Define Anthropocene
"The Anthropocene defines Earth's most recent geologic time period as being human-influenced, or anthropogenic, based on overwhelming global evidence that atmospheric, geologic, hydrologic, biospheric and other earth system processes are now altered by humans."
"The Anthropocene is distinguished as a new period either after or within the Holocene, the current epoch, which began approximately 10,000 years ago (about 8000 BC) with the end of the last glacial period."
(source: http://www.anthropocene.info/)
Find, ret, og forklar fejlen!
Roast pork is a traditional christmas dish in Denmark
Fejl i brug af stortbegyndelsens bogstav:
Roast pork is a traditional Christmas dish in Denmark.
På engelsk bruger man stor begyndelsesbogstav ved højtider (også ved nationaliteter, sprog, ugedage, måneder og religion)
Name four different types of narrator
First-person, Second-person, Third-person limited, Third-person omniscient, Third-person objective
Angiv verbets tiderne og forklar både form og primært funktion:
It rained all day yesterday.
It rained står i præteritum som bruges til at beskrive en afsluttet handling.
Regelmæssige verber bøjes i præteritum ved at tilføje -ed til infinitivformen.Hvis verbet i infinitiv ender på -e, tilføjes et -d (live → lived, love → loved). Ender verbet på -y, omskrives endelsen til -ied (try → tried).
Name three different types of non-fiction texts
Newspaper articles; Information leaflets; Documentary films; news programmes; Information leaflets; text books; letters; reviews; essays; speeches; travel writing; etc.
What is a metaphor? give an example.
A metaphor is a technique where the qualities of one object are given to an unrelated object; It is a figure of speech with an implied comparison.
egs. She broke his heart; You are my sunshine; There is a blanket of snow on the ground; etc.
Find, ret, og forklar fejlen!
The dog wagged it's tail when the boy patted it.
Fejl i brug af apostrofen.
The dog wagged its tail when the boy patted it.
its er et possessivt pronomen, og derfor skal der ikke bruges apostrof. (it's er en sammentrækning af it is, og har en helt anden betydning).
Define what a protagonist and an antagonist are.
Illustrate your definitions with examples from any of the material that we have worked with on our courses so far.
Protagonist: A character in a work of fiction whose intentions are the primary focus of a story. This is the character we follow most throughout the story.
Antagonist: the character/institution/aspect in a work of fiction against whom the protagonist must fight/comes into conflict with.
Bøj følgende verber i præteritum:
Go
Shine
Try
Read
Write
Work
Go -> went
Shine -> shone
Try -> tried
Read -> read
Write -> wrote
Work -> worked
What is anaphora? what is the effect? Give an example.
Anaphora: repetition of the first part of a sentence
Effect: To emphasise a particular point and ensure that it is remembered by the receiver.
EG: I have a dream that ......, I have a dream that ...., etc.)
Explain what a semantic field (or group) is. Give 5 examples of words that could be included in the semantic field "pollution"
A semantic field is way of grouping related words together.
Pollution: plastic; CO2; emissions; air; water; danger; etc.
Find, ret, og forklar fejlen!
The birds are singing very beautiful today.
Adverbium/adjektivet fejl
The birds are singing very beautifully today.
Da "beautifully" beskriver et verbum (sing), skal det være brugt som adverbiet "beautifully og ikke som adjektivet "beautiful".
Define the following types of character and give an example for each (from material we have worked with):
Complex/round
Simple/flat
Dynamic
Static
Complex character: a character who shows a variety of personal traits or characteristics
Simple character: a character who is notable for only one kind of personality trait or characteristic
Dynamic character: a character that undergoes an important change in their insight/understanding/beliefs/values etc. as a result of the story
Static character: a character that does not undergo substantial emotional change or growth during the story.
Angiv verbets tiderne (verballed er markeret med fed skrift), og forklar både form og funktion:
They had already left for the picnic when it started to rain.
1. They had left står i pluskvamperfektum som bruges til at beskrive noget, der skete inden en anden handling i fortiden (i denne tilfæld "it started to rain". (Den kan dog også bruges om en hypotetisk situation som følge af betingelsesord såsom as "if").
Pluskvamperfektum dannes ved hjælp af hjælpeverbet "to have" bøjet i præteritum (had) + et hovedverbum i perfektum participium.
Name and explain the three modes of persuasion (appeal forms)
Pathos: appeals to emotions
Logos: appeals to logic by building a logical argument
Ethos: builds credibility
What is a simile? give an example.
A simile makes a direct comparison between two unrelated objects using the words "as" or "like"
Eg. It felt like his heart had been broken; You are as lovely as sunshine on a gloomy day; The snow lay like a blanket on the ground
Find, ret, og forklar fejlen!
They were afraid of that burglars could break into their house.
Fejl: "præposition plus that" - aldrig på engelsk!
På dansk er ’at’ (inklusive ’at’-sætninger) ofte styrelse for en præposition. På engelsk kan dette ikke lade sig gøre.
Problemet kan løses på forskellige måder:
1. Præpositionen udelades.
They were afraid that burglars could break into their house
2. Indsættelse af the fact that / the idea that og lignende mellem præpositionen og ’at’.
They were afraid of the idea that burglars could break into their house.
3. That-sætningen aflives til fordel for en -ing-konstruktion.
They were afraid of burglars breaking into their house
What is the effect of using a first-person narrator in a story and what must you be aware of when a first-person narrator is used?
A first-person narrator allows the reader to feel close to the narrator - to share their feelings and create an emotional bond.
However, it is important to be aware of the reliability of a first-person narrator - are they telling the truth?
1. Hvilken sætning står i passiv, og hvilken står i aktiv?
2. Brug eksempler til at forklare forskel mellem aktiv og passiv sætninger (både form og funktion):
1. The cake was eaten by the dog
2. The dog ate the cake
Sætning 1 er passiv, sætning 2 er aktiv.
I en passiv sætning er der fokus på den, som handling er rettet imod (dvs cake i eksemplet).
Det passive verbum laves ved at bruge en form af be som hjælpeverbum + perfektum participium af hovedverbet. Det er kun hjælpeverbet, der skal bøjes i person, tid, tal – hovedverbet står fast i perfektum participium.
I en aktiv sætning er fokus på den, der udfører handlingen (dvs dog i eksemplet)
I en aktiv sætning følges subjektet (dog) af verballed, som er bøjet efter tid, tal og person.
Name and explain two different types of argument. Give examples for each.
Possible answers:
1. Authoritative argument: relies on the use of others to provide evidence for the validity of the claim (x is true because y says so).
2. Generalisation argument: built on the fact that something that applies to one, applies to all.
3. Sign argument: The idea that certain types of evidence are symptoms of some wider principle or outcome (x is a sign of y) for example smoke is often considered a sign of fire.
4. Cause argument: builds on the fact that something is the cause of something else (x is the cause of y)
5. Motivational argument: this appeals to people's emotions (happiness, fear, sympathy, etc.) (eg. x will make you feel good)
Could also be:
6. classification argument: when something applies to the majority, it also applies to the rest: opposite of the generalisation argument. (e.g. teenagers spend 3 hours per day on social media, you are a teenager, therefore you also spend 3 hours per day on social media)
Name four different cinematic techniques that you could consider when analysing a film (feature or documentary)
lighting; camera angle; framing and shot; editing; camera movement; sound.
Find, ret, og forklar fejlen!
She knew, that this was going to be a great day.
Fejl i brug af komma: på engelsk bruger man aldrig komma foran "that-sætninger"
She knew that this was going to be a great day.