Eye
Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard
20/20 vision
Legal blindness: best corrected >20/200
Driving limits + 20/70
Acuity
Strabismus
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Conditions of the eye
nearby objects may appear blurry; squinting to see clearly; eyestrain, including burning eyes, and aching in or around the eyes; general eye discomfort or headache after prolonged interval close tasks, such as reading, writing, computer work or drawing
Hyperopia
Low light vision decreases, spots and floaters, delayed dark adaptation
60s
OS
left eye
Able to track an object 180 degrees; acuity: 20/60
Month 3
Can track from side to midline and from midline to side- may be able to track all the way across; acuity: 20/150
Best corrected > 20/200
Cornea irregularly shaped; blurry vision, near and far vision affected
Astigmatism
Annual or bi-annual eye exams, vision can change from near to far-sighted; monitor from glaucoma, cataracts, presbyopia, macular degeneration
Adults
Spherical error
(+) farsighted
(-) nearsighted
Higher numbers + stronger prescription
can track an object or face from side to midline; strong focus on eyes of face; acuity: 20/800 to 20/200
Month 1
OD
Right eye
Presbyopia, dry eye, computer vision syndrome
40's
Lighting should focus directly on task; 200 to 300 watts light bulb; moving light source to reduce glares; red light bulbs for dark adaptation
Orientation of astigmatism
Axis
Not interested in toys; attend to black and white and contrasting patterns; see best at 8-9 in distance; able to determine mother by 4 days
Birth to 10 days vision
Eyes do not properly align/converge; double vision in adults; loss of depth perception in children
Strabismus
Presbyopia advancing, risk increases for cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, menopause increases dry eye
50s
How often should a school aged kid get an eye exam?
At least every 2 yrs if no correction required; yearly if correction is required
Cyl
Severity of astigmatism
Depth perception; Decreasing color preference; acuity: 20/20
Month 6
nearsighted; typically begins in childhood; difficulty seeing distances; able to see close up; signs and symptoms: squinting, eye strain, headaches
Myopia
Most have already or will develop cataracts, color vision declines, visual field narrows
70s and 80s
At at ages should children get eye exams?
6 months, 3 yrs old, just before entering 1st grade (5 or 6 yrs old)
Add-
PD
Pupillary Disease