Carbohydrates
Sugars are carbohydrates & are organic compounds. What does "organic" mean in scientific terms?
In Science, organic compounds means that carbon and hydrogen are together in a molecule.
Monomer of proteins are?
Amino Acids
What is fat stored in?
Adipose Tissue
What are the 3 types of RNA?
messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA)
Birds often preen their feathers. Why is that?
To waterproof the feathers by distributing natural oils.
Sucrose is mad up of...
Maltose is made up of...
Lactose is made up of...
Glucose and fructose
Glucose and glucose
Glucose and galactose
Amino acids are held together by?
Peptide Bonds
What are the biological functions of lipids?
1) Storage of energy
2) Regulate and Signal
3) Insulation and protect
4) Aid in digesting
What are the 3 nucleic acids? What is the basic unit of any nucleic acid?
The 3 nucleic acids are DNA, RNA, and ATP. The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides.
What type of protein is most abundant in egg whites?
Ovalbumin
Why are disaccharides C12H22O11 instead of a perfect C12H24O12?
The two molecules are combined by a dehydration synthesis, leading to a water molecule being lost during the formation.
What are the 3 groups in an amino acid? Which group is always different?
Amino acids are composed of the carboxyl, amino, and R group. The R group is different in all amino acids
What are the two types of cholesterol and what are their functions?
There is LDL and HDL cholesterol. LDL is necessary for healing but too much can harden and lead to blockages. HDL on the other hand is good and helps get rid of and balance the amount of LDL in our bodies.
How is a nucleotide different from a nitrogenous base?
A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose/ribose, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases are part of a nucleotide. Some examples are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
What consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three phosphates?
ATP is composed of all these.
What is a structure with 3-10 monosaccharides called? Give an example of one of these structures.
These are called oligosaccharides. An example is raffinose which can be found in cabbage, broccoli, beans, and brussel sprouts.
List the 4 types of protein structures.
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure
The colors in fruits and vegetables are from pigments. Pigments are lipid based. What are 3 pigments?
1) Xanthophyll (yellow and brown)
2) Carotenoid (orange and red)
3) Chlorophyll A/B (green)
In DNA, what type of bonds hold the 2 strands of DNA together? How many of these bonds connect adenine and thymine together? How many of these bonds connect cytosine and guanine together?
Hydrogen bonds hold the 2 strands of DNA toghether. The A-T base pair is held together by 2 hydrogen bonds while the G-C base pair is held together by 3 hydrogen bonds.
What is our very first source of energy? What are the 2nd and 3rd?
Our first source is carbs. Our second is lipid and our final is protein.
What do humans store glucose as and where do they store it? What about plants?
Humans store glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Plants store glucose as starch in the leaves.
List the 9 proteins
storage proteins, sensory proteins, transport proteins, enzymes, structural proteins, signaling proteins, regulatory proteins, motor proteins, defense proteins
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? What are trans fats?
Saturated fats are more straight and unsaturated fats are bent. Highest amounts of saturated fats come from animals while more unsaturated fats come from plants and fish. Trans fats are straightened unsaturated fats. Humans can't digest trans fats and they raise LDL "bad" cholesterol.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA? What about RNA?
The four different types of bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Adenine and thymine are paired together and cytosine and guanine are paired together. In RNA, the thymine is replaced by uracil (U).
List 4 enzymes that help build or break nucleic acids.
Helicase, ATP Synthase, ATPase, and Proteases