Family Types
A traditional family unit consisting of two parents and their biological or adopted children.
Nuclear Family
Example: A baby who is consistently fed, changed, and comforted develops trust.
Trust vs. Mistrust
Social: Retirement, increased leisure time
Physical: Decreased physical abilities, increased health risks
Cognitive: Decline in cognitive functions, risk of dementia
Older Adulthood
The ability to adjust to new conditions
Adaptation
Example: A child doesn't steal a cookie because they fear getting scolded.
Punishment-Obedience Orientation
A family headed by a single parent, either due to divorce, separation, or the death of a partner.
Single-Parent Family
Example: A toddler who is encourages to use the toilet independently develops a sense of autonomy.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Social: Focus on family and career, experiences midlife crisis
Physical: Gradual physical decline, menopause for women
Cognitive: Some cognitive decline, generally stable
Middle Adulthood
Body growth that occurs at different rates.
Asynchrony
Example: A child shares a toy with another child to get a toy in return
Instrumental Relativist Orientation
A family formed by the merging of two families, often through remarriage. It includes stepparents, stepchildren, and sometimes half-siblings.
Blended/Step-Family
Example: A child who takes initiative in playing with other children develops a sense of purpose.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Social: Forms intimate relationships, starts a family
Physical: Physical peak, gradual decline in some physical abilities
Cognitive: Peak cognitive abilities, problem-solving
Early Adulthood
Eye disease that causes people to have difficulty seeing objects inside the center of the field of vision
Macular Degeneration
Example: A teenager volunteers at a homeless shelter to impress friends and family.
Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
A family that includes multiple generations living together, such as grandparents, parents, and children.
Multi-Generational Family
Example: A child who excels in school and sports develops a sense of industry.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Social: Forms friendships, joins clubs
Physical: Grows steadily, develops motor skills like riding a bike
Cognitive: Learns to read and write, solves complex problems
Middle Childhood
Progressive bone loss when calcium is deplete, causing bones to become brittle and more porous.
Osteoporosis
Example: A person pays their taxes, even if they could avoid it, because it's the law.
Law and Order Orientation
A family where two partners live together without being married.
Unmarried/Cohabiting Family
Example: A parent who raises children and mentors young people develops a sense of generativity.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Social: Imitates others, plays alongside other children
Physical: Walks Independently, climbs stairs
Cognitive: Begins to use language, understands simple instructions
Toddlerhood
Eye condition common in middle age due to loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, which results in a slow decrease in the ability to focus on nearby objects.
Presbyopia
Example: A person protests against a law they believe is unjust, even if it means facing legal consequences.
Social Contract Orientation