I feel Enlightened
This idea sad that the monarchs of Europe had the authority to rule their kingdoms for all time.
What is Divine Right?
The form of Government that replaced the Absolute Monarchies of Europe.
What is Democracy?
The Catholic Clergy
Unfair Tax and Estate System
3rd Estate paid the majority of the taxes, but had no say in the government
Published in August 1789
The document protected many personal liberties:
All people are equal before the law
Freedom of speech
Freedom of press
Freedom of religion
Protected against arbitrary arrest and punishment.
This document led to the end of the monarchy and shifted towards a democratic government
The Declaration of Rights and Man
The form of government in control of Europe before the Enlightenment.
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
Life, liberty, and the ownership of property are all examples of what?
What are "Natural Rights?"
97% of the French Population
The Third Estate
Lavish lifestyles of King and Queen and Nobility
Wars (Paid to support the American Revolution)
How was it inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment?
It implemented the ideas of Locke, Rousseau, Montesque, Voltaire and tried to bring equality of all of France.
Under an Absolute Monarchy their power comes from God, so to question the Monarch is to question God.
Government must protect rights, and if they don't the people have the right to replace the government are ideas from what thinker?
John Locke
The Kings buddies, the lords, the nobles and the other rich people.
The Second Estate.
Famine
bad winter and drought led to a poor wheat harvest
Price of bread skyrocketed
Impacted the 3rd estate the most
to get rid of opposition to the revolution and anyone who supported the monarchy was who's goal?
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror?
The focus on Man's achievements rather than the divine.
What is Humanism?
Separation of Powers was an idea posited by which thinker?
Montesquieu
In France: people were born into an estate and you could not freely move between estates.
The ability to move between different classes of people is called what?
Social Mobility
Enlightenment
New ideas about government and authority
Success of the American Revolution
One Effect (outside of France) of the French Revolution
The French Revolution inspired similar ideas and revolutions in Haiti (a colony of France at the time)
AKA Age of Reason was a time when Enlightened thinkers, called philosophes, became concerned with the relationship between government and the people
The Enlightenment
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence our government in the United States? Be specific! (Short Answer)
- Separation of Powers (Montesquieu)
- Government should protect rights (John Locke)
- Government is based on the consent of the people (Rousseau)
- Freedom of Religion, Thoughts, and Expression. (Voltaire)
Make sure you explain what these ideas are in your short answer.
The "Upper Class" of the Third Estate: Doctors, Lawyers, Business Owners
Bourgeoisie
Political Representation
King Louis’ Weak Leadership: Only 20, Immature and inexperienced, Ignored duties
The Meeting of the Estates General: Representatives from each estate meet to give advice to the king. Each estate had one vote and the third estate got outvoted.
End of the monarchy and estate system
Clergy and nobles lost land and power
Democratic government was set up