Risks & Benefits
Define exercise & physical activity. What's the difference between the two?
PA:
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in an increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure
Exercise:
type of PA consisting of planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve and/or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
What's the criteria for sedentary activity?
Not participating in at least 30 min of moderate intensity PA on at least 3 days of the week for at least 3 months
List 3 things included in informed consent.
Ethical/Legal COnsiderations
Purpose of test
Risks/BenefitsOpportunity for Questions
Voluntary - can withdrawl at any time
protection of health info
Emergency Plan
Heart Rate is altered by what 2 things?
Autonomic Nervous System
Circulating Hormones
Skinfold uses a __ compartment method to measure ____ ____.
2 compartment
body density
List all Health and Skill Related Componenets of Physcial Activity. Correctly identify whther the componenet is a skill or health related component.
SKILL:
Power, Agility, Coordination, Equilibrium/Balance, Reaction Time, Speed
HEALTH:
CR Endurance, MS, ME, BC, Flexibility
Bob has type 2 diabetes, but he is asymptomatic. He walks for 30 minutes 4 times a week. He wants to start moderate intensity exercise. Does he need medical clearance or is he good to go?
MC Not necessary
What are the 3 of the 4 main componenets of pre-exercise evaluation?
Informed COnsent
Medical History & CVD Risk Factor Assessment
Physical Exam & Lab Tests
Participant Instructions
Blood Pressure is a product of what 2 things?
Q x TPR
Waist and Hip circumference measurments help us identify __ __ _____. Why do we care about this?
body fat distribution
Important predictor of the health rsik of obesity. Visceral fat is more dangerous to our health. (incrrease risk of HTN, T2DM, CVD, death, etc)
What are the ACSM-AHA aerobic activity recommendations?
MIE: 30 min, 5 days/wk
VIE: 20 min, 3 days/wk
OR combo
There are 6 recommendations for exercise professionals to help prevent exercise related cardiac events. What are 2 of them?
Health care professionals should know the pathologic conditions associated with exercise-related events so that physically active children and adults can be appropriately evaluated.
Physically active individuals should know the nature of cardiac prodromal (period between initiation and full development of symptoms) symptoms and seek prompt medical care if such symptoms develop.
High school and college athletes should undergo preparticipation screening by qualified professionals.
Athletes with known cardiac conditions or a family history should be evaluated prior to competition using established guidelines.
Health care facilities should ensure that their staffs are trained in managing cardiac emergencies, have a specified plan, and have appropriate resuscitation equipment
Physically active individuals should modify their exercise program in response to variations in their exercise capacity, habitual activity level, and the environment
What's an abnormal HR response to walking recovery and standing recovery? [looking for 2 answers]
<= 12 bpm decrease after 1 min walking recovery
OR
<= 22 bpm decrease after 2 min supine recovery
What's a normal HR response to exercise?
increase 10 beats with 1 MET increase in workload
Identify 3 out of the 7 methods to assess body composition. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each.
DEXA: gold standard (very accurate), short test, lots of info obtained; expensive, radiation exposure
BIA: accurate, short test, easy to administer, cheap; hydration status can significantly skew results
Air Displacement Plethysmography: accurate, realtively short; expensive, frequent calibration, dedicated space, claustrophobic?, body hair can skew result
Hydrostatic Weighing: accurate, relatively short: subject preparation/training required, expensive, needs own space, measure reliant on air clearance of lungs, subject anxiety
Skinfold: cheap; subject may be uncomfortable, dependent upon skill of technician
Circumference: cheap, easy to do; dependent upon skill of technician
BMI: free, just need to know height and weight; just a ratio, innacurate for more muscular people
Define sedentary behavior.
The average person spend what percentage of their waking day doing activities associated with prolonged sitting?
Sedentary Behavior: ≤ 1.5 METS while in sitting, reclining, or lying posture
50%
What are the 3 types of congenital/hereditary heart abnormalities discussed in class?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Coronary Abnormalities
Valvular Aortic Stenosis
What are the 4 classifications of blood pressure for adults? What are the criteria for SBP and DBP for each classification?
Normal: SBP < 120, DBP < 80
Pre-hypertensive: SBP 120-139, DBP 80-89
Stage 1 Hypertensive: SBP 140-159, DBP 90-99
Stage 2 Hypertensive: SBP =160+, DBP =100+
A chronotropic Index of what numerical value(s) is a sign of chronotropic incompetence?
CI < 0.8
List all 6 BMI classifications and their criteria.
Underweight: < 18.5
Normal: 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight: 25 - 29.9
Obesity Class 1: 30-34.9
Obesity Class 2: 35-39.9
Obesity Class 3: >= 40
What percentage of adults in the US are physically inactive.
31.1%
What are the 9 symptoms of CV, metabolic, and renal disease?
Pain; discomfort (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result from ischemia
Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
Dizziness or syncope
Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Ankle edema
Palpitations or tachycardia
Intermittent claudication
Known heart murmur
Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
List all 9 positive and negative risk factors of CVD and the criteria for each
Age: Men>= 45; women >= 55
FH: MI, Coronary revascularization, or sudden death in 1st degree relative: male < 55, female < 65
Smoking: Current, Quit within last 6 months, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Physical Inactivity: Not meeting 500-1000 MET/min MVPA OR 75-150 min/wk MVPA
Obesity: BMI >= 30 kg/m^2, waist circumference male > 102 cm / female > 88 cm
BP: SBP >= 130 mmHg OR DBP >= 80 mmHG ; confirmed on 2 separate occassions; OR anti-hypertensive medication
Lipids: LDL >= 130 mg/dL, Total CHolesterol > 200 mg/dL, lipid lowering medication, HDL < 40 in men, HDL < 50 for women
BG: FBG >= 100 mg/dL, OGTT 140 mg/dL
Negative: HDL >= 60 mg/dL
What's a normal BP response duing exercise?
List 2 abnormal BP response during exercise?
SBP increase 10 mmHg for every increase in 1 MET
DBP no change or slight decrease
Abnormal: SBP > 250 mmHg, fails to rise or drops > 10 mmHg, Max exercise SBP of < 140 mmHg, DBP > 115 mmHg
List all 7 skinfold sites and describe how to identify the location of the site and mention whether it is a vertical or diagonal fold.
1) Midaxillary: Vertical fold; on the midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum.
2) Chest/Pectoral: Diagonal fold; one-half the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple (men), or one-third of the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple (women)
3) Abdominal: Vertical fold; 2 cm to the right side of the umbilicus
4) Subscapular: Diagonal fold (at a 45-degree angle); 1–2 cm below the inferior angle of the scapula
5) Suprailiac: Diagonal fold; in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest
6) Triceps: Vertical fold; on the posterior midline of the upper arm, halfway between the acromion and olecranon processes, with the arm held freely to the side of the body
7) Thigh: Vertical fold; on the anterior midline of the thigh, midway between the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip)