Valence Bond Theory
95% probability of finding the electrons in a region in space
What is an orbital?
Orbitals in the molecule are different from those on individual atoms.
What is Hybridization?
The mixing of one s, three p and two d atomic orbitals on one atom forms six 90° sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.
What is Sp3d2 hybridization?
A single bond created by the overlapping of two orbitals, holds only two electrons from each of the overlapping orbitals.
What is sigma bond?
When on the same side of molecules, double bond
What is cis-isomer?
Two atoms far apart and share electrons as they come together.
What is a bond?
When two s orbitals overlap form a bond.
When one s and one p orbital overlap to form a bond.
When two p orbitals overlap end on end form a bond.
What is a sigma bond?
Necessary to determine the hybridization of a molecule.
What is electronic structure?
Results in the overlap of the unhybridized p atomic orbital the carbon atoms. The overlap holds only two electrons.
What is a Double bond?
When on the opposite side of molecules double bond.
What is trans-isomer?
A covalent bond forms when the orbitals from two atoms overlap and a pair of electrons will occupy the region between the 2 nuclei
What is Valence Bond Theory?
A new set of orbitals can be created through the mixing of atomic orbitals on one atom
What is Orbital Hybridization?
The side overlap of two orbitals (p, d, f) forming a total of 4 lobes overlapping. Holds only two electrons.
What is a Pi bond?
The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
What is bond length?
Electrons have a higher probability of being found between the two nuclei
What is electron cloud distortion?
The process of mixing one s atomic orbital with 3p atom orbitals, in turn forming four sp^3 hybrid orbitals.
What is Sp3 hybridization?
Made up of one sigma and one pi bond
Affects bond length and atomic size varies in a predictable way.
What is atomic size?
Two electrons of opposite spin accommodates overlapping orbitals
The greater the overlap of orbitals the stronger the bond (depend on the shape and directions of the orbitals)
Hybridization
What are the concepts of Valence Bond Theory?
The mixing of one s and two p atomic orbitals found in a single atom. This forms three sp2 hybrid orbitals with an angle of 120°.
What is Sp2 hybridization?
Made up of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
What is triple bond?
The enthalpy change for breaking a bond in a molecule