Key Concepts #1
These are the four known skills in the Hierarchy of L1 Language Development.
L-S-R-W
These two teaching concepts originated with Paulo Freire and are highlighted in our 4615 text. One student-centered; the other is teacher-centered.
Transformative and Transmissive
This technique synchronizes the cognitive process of language acquisition with the movement of the body: students use their bodies and brains to learn.
Total Physical Response or Kinesthetic Learning
If you pick out a single overall topic to explore over time in various stages/lessons of your class (such as U.S. geography, foods, sports, capitals, etc) you are using this strategy.
Theme-based cycles (CBI will do)
Many of our TESOL authors suggest that it is harmful to correct students explicitly. They suggest that we use this kind of correction instead.
Implicit or indirect error treatment, recasting/restating
This man theorized that language development is too complicated a phenomenon to be explained on the basis of behaviorism alone. He created the Language Acquisition Device(LAD), deep and surface structure, and Universal Grammar
Noam Chomsky
These two types of motivation involve 1) identifying with the target language group, and 2) motivation for strictly practical goals.
Integrative and Instrumental (Intrinsic/Extrinsic)
These are activities that help students to meet the teacher and one another in a new classroom. They aim to lower students’ anxiety and establish trust.
Icebreakers (Warmups)
This “hypothesis” was created by linguist John Oller in which he states that students learn best through storytelling.
The Episode Hypothesis
This term is used to refer to the “unforeseen consequences” of standardized tests on the curriculum. These may be negative effects and consequences that impact the students, teachers, parents, and community, such as with the “No Child Left Behind Act (2001).”
The Washback Effect
This USC linguist created a philosophy of L2 teaching based on his five hypotheses about SLA and a “Natural Approach.”
Stephen Krashen
There are four stages when someone is acquiring the new language skills while going through a process of acculturation or culture shock
Honeymoon, Horror, Humor, and Home
This method involves students expressing verbally while the teacher writes what they say. Example: one student is “interviewed” by the class, and the teacher writes the answers on the board in the form of an essay.
The Language Experience Approach
This type of bilingual approach (K-6) has a curriculum that is about 50% in L1 and 50% in L2.
Dual Immersion/Dual Language
This is a strategy to develop writing skills that place an emphasis on the process more than the product: the workshop starts with student choices and has several steps with feedback along the way.
The Writing Workshop
Lev Vygotsky created a hypothesis of how language learners can learn better with assistance or interaction with teachers and peers.
Zone of Proximal Development/Social Learning
This “filter” promotes a positive learning environment, comfort, and minimal anxiety.
The Affective Filter
Three terms used by Dr. Stryker to describe the three levels of your program and curriculum: 1) your overall philosophy, 2) your organization, and 3) your bag of tricks.
Approach, Method, and Technique
This is the umbrella term used to describe the pairing or grouping of students to work with their peers.
Cooperative Learning
This is an instructional model that addresses the academic needs of English learners. It is a CBI-based system (method) adopted in the Turlock school system that uses the SIOP as a measure of teacher effectiveness.
SDAIE