The Enlightenment
Enlightenment philosophers shared the belief that governments should protect the rights of the _______.
people
This English scientist built on the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo by proving that gravity caused objects fall to the Earth.
Sir Isaac Newton
What "champion of liberty" is considered by many to be the architect of independence movements across South America?
Simon Bolivar
She was the Queen of France at the start of the French Revolution.
Marie Antionette
Which imperial power was Simón Bolívar most active in resisting in Latin America?
Spain
This Enlightenment philosopher proposed that all people had natural rights that included life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
What institution objected to the heliocentric theory and labeled it a heresy during the Scientific Revolution
Roman Catholic Church
The American and French Revolutions greatly influenced the independence movements of the early 1800s in what part of the world?
Latin America
He brought stability to France following the French Revolution, helping to bring an end to the Reign of Terror.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Peter the Great of Russia, King Louis XIV of France, and Suleyman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire were all considered what type of rulers?
Absolute monarchs
For European observers, this Revolution confirmed the ideas of the Enlightenment and showed people could use reason to create a more just and equal form of government.
American Revolution
This Italian scientist further proved that not everything in the universe revolved around the Earth, and also disproved Aristotle by demonstrating that all objects fall at the same rate.
Galileo Galilei
The French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and the Grand Colombian Revolution were all most inspired by what?
American Revolution
The extreme cold helped the Russians in defeating the French army under whose leadership?
Napoleon
Persecution of Jews, Muslims, and Protestants under the rule of the monarchs of Spain was known as this.
The Spanish Inquisition
This Enlightenment philosopher argued for the importance of the collective good.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which Polish scientist first published an argument for the heliocentric theory, that the Earth revolved around the sun?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Post-revolution France lacked political stability, and numerous groups vied for control of the country. This led to which period, before Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power?
The Reign of Terror
This French monarch, nicknamed "The Sun King" expanded the palace of Versailles greatly and was overthrown during the French Revolution.
Louis XIV
This is the term for the belief that monarchs received their power from God.
Divine Right.
This Enlightenment philosopher was best known for his belief in freedom of expression, thought, and religion.
Voltaire
This Danish mathematician proved Copernicus' heliocentric theory using math and that the planets revolved around the sun in an oval-shaped ellipse.
Johannes Kepler
In 1810, Miguel Hidálgo led an uprising of indigenous and mestizos fighting for independence from Spain. Creoles also supported Hidálgo's struggle until the rebels started attacking their land. Where did this happen?
Mexico
Toussaint L'Ouverture's forces overthrew the French colonial rule and established an indepenent country with a constitution in _____.
Haiti
This meeting of European powers helped to create a balance of power in Europe to forge a lasting peace.
Congress of Vienna