Public Health
Definition of public health and ppopulation health nursing.
Public Health: What is the science of promoting and improving the health of people and their communities?
Population Health Nursing: What is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health resources
A community health nurse is working in a neighborhood with high rates of diabetes and obesity. Which public health interventions would be appropriate for primary prevention in this setting? Select all that apply.
What are
Define cultural competence.
What is a set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable effective work in cross-cultural situations?
Describe Health in All Policies.
What is a collaborative approach that integrates health considerations into policy making across sectors and at all levels to improve the health of all communities and people?
Name each segment of the Community Assessment Wheel.
(Hint: Kenna had to awkwardly draw this for Nancy at the Health Department office.)
🌲 Physical environment
🗣️ Communication
➕ Health and social services
🏀 Recreation
💲 Economics
🚗 Safety and transportation
👩🏻⚖️ Politics and government
📖 Education
The 6 P's of Public Health.
What are
1. Promotion
2. Prevention
3. Protection
4. Prediction
5. Precision
6. Participation
Think "Pros Prepare Projects Preventing Premature Problems, Partnering Together."
A community health initiative aims to identify health issues early to prevent disease progression. Which of the following are examples of secondary prevention? Select all that apply.
What are
Nursing interventions to promote health equity
What are
- having cultural humility
- have cultural knowledge
- value diversity
- cultural self-assessment
- be conscious of dynamics when different cultures interact
- deliver care in a manner that reflect understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity
- commit resources to culturally-specific services
Compare the nursing process to the health policy making process.
Assessment -> Problem recognition and definition
Diagnosis -> Policy formation
Planning -> Policy adoption
Implementation -> Budgeting and Policy Implementation
Evaluation -> Policy Evaluation
A public health nurse is asked to apply the CAP (Community as Partner) model to assess a local community. Which of the following components should be included in the assessment? Select all that apply.
What are
The Who, Where, When, How of historical development of PHN.
Who: Lillian Wald (and eventually Mary Brewster)
Where: NYC Lower East Side
When: 1893 - founded the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service
How: Addressed social and economic concerns; improved living conditions and gave referrals for care
Describe the Natural History of Disease and the parallels to Level of Prevention.
What is
Social/Environmental Conditions (Primordial) -> Susceptibility (Primary) -> Early Subclinical Disease (Secondary)-> Clinical Disease (Secondary) -> Recovery/Disability (Tertiary)
Define deaf culture.
Became deaf prior to language acquisition; communicates primarily through ASL; SELF-Identified, not based on level of hearing
Which of the following is a primary difference between Medicare and Medicaid?
Using Himmelman's Collaborative Continuum:
Parties make decisions separately, but they share resources and information to avoid duplicating efforts.
What is Coordination?
The 10 Great Public Health Achievements with an example of each.
What are
1. Vaccine Preventable Diseases - Influenza vaccines
2. Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases - decrease in tuberculosis and HIV with testing and treatment
3. Tobacco Control - health education, smoke-free laws, increased taxes
4. Maternal and Infant Health - enhanced screening to identify genetic disorders
5. Motor Vehicle Safety - improved vehicle safety, roadway laws, public policies
6. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention - management and early diagnosis based on risk factors and improved treatment
7. Occupational Safety - OSHA initiatives in healthcare and agriculture
8. Cancer Prevention - enhanced screening
9. Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention - public health initiatives
10. Public Health Preparedness and Response - following 9/11
A public health nurse is planning a vaccination campaign for flu season. Which levels of prevention and interventions are applicable for this initiative? Select all that apply.
What is
A public health nurse is tasked with designing a program for a community with deeply rooted traditional healing practices, which may sometimes conflict with modern medicine. Which strategies demonstrate cultural competence while balancing safety and effectiveness? Select all that apply.
What is
Match each healthcare system type with its description.
A. A system where a single public or quasi-public agency handles healthcare financing for all residents, though care can be provided by various organizations.
B. A system where the government both finances and provides all healthcare services, owning facilities and employing healthcare providers.
C. A competitive, private system where insurance companies finance healthcare through premiums, co-pays, and deductibles, with some government subsidies.
D. A system where the government enacts health policies to improve social conditions (e.g., housing, transportation, nutrition) impacting public health, across various sectors.
1. Health in All Policies
2. Single-payer system
3. Socialized Healthcare
4. Insurance-based system
What is
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
Based on "Place Matters" video:
Determine impact of location, systemic inequality, neighborhood, community support, policy, case studies, and call to action on the community.
What is
Impact of Location: Geographic location significantly influences health outcomes, education, and economic opportunities.
Systemic Inequality: Disparities in access to resources often stem from historical and systemic inequalities, affecting marginalized communities more severely.
Neighborhood Environment: The quality of a neighborhood, including access to parks, grocery stores, and healthcare, directly impacts residents’ health and wellbeing.
Community Support: Strong community networks can enhance resilience and improve outcomes, while isolation can lead to negative effects.
Policy Advocacy: The video advocates for policies that promote equitable development and resource allocation to address these disparities.
Case Studies: Personal stories and case studies illustrate the real-life consequences of living in different environments.
Call to Action: It encourages viewers to recognize the importance of place and to engage in efforts to create healthier, more equitable communities.
Differentiate between Standards of PRACTICE and Professional PERFORMANCE in public health nursing.
What is
Standards of practice is the level of care using the nursing process that demonstrates competency -> ADPIE
Professional performance is the competent level of behavior in the professional setting -> ethics, education, EBP, research, communication, leadership, etc.
Match the Intervention with the Level of Practice:
1. Case Finding
2. Referral and Follow-up
3. Health Teaching
4. Advocacy
5. Coalition Building
6. Screening
7. Surveillance
8. Community Mobilization
9. Community Organizing
10. Policy Development
11. Case Management
12. Health Policy Development
13. Community Assessment
14. Monitoring and Evaluation
15. Community Health Planning
16. Public Health Research
A. Individual
B. Community
C. System
What is
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. C
Identify interventions based on the scenario: (SATP)
A public health nurse is assigned to a rural community with a high population of migrant farmworkers. Many of the residents lack health insurance, speak limited English, and live in crowded, temporary housing without access to basic sanitation. The area also lacks sufficient healthcare facilities, and there are high rates of respiratory infections and preventable injuries due to unsafe working conditions. The nurse is creating a care plan to address these health disparities and improve overall health outcomes for this community.
What is
Arrange the steps below in the correct order for developing and implementing a community health literacy program:
What is
1. Assess the health literacy needs and language preferences of the community.
2. Engage with community members to identify priority health topics.
3. Develop easy-to-understand, culturally relevant educational materials.
4. Distribute materials in accessible locations and provide verbal education sessions.
5. Evaluate the program’s effectiveness and make adjustments as needed.
Generate a nursing diagnosis based on the following scenario:
In an urban community, there is a significant disparity in health outcomes among different neighborhoods. One area has a high population of individuals with low education levels, while another has higher levels of educational attainment. The community with lower education levels experiences higher rates of smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor diet, leading to a higher incidence of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and lung cancer. The residents often report that they have limited access to health education and preventive care, with many lacking knowledge about the importance of healthy lifestyle choices.
What is