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100

Which muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

100

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament?

Mesometrium, mesosalpinx, mesovarium

100

Compare and contrast Hashimoto’s and Graves disease.

  • Hashimoto’s: hypothyroidism, anti-TPO and anti-TGB, high TSH and low T3/T4
  • Graves: hyperthyroidism, anti-TSH, low TSH, high T3/T4
100

Which specific GI effect of opioids does targin mitigate?

Opioid-induced constipation

200

What are the primary actions of the rhomboids (major and minor)

Scapular elevation/depression, scapular retraction

200

What are the 3 types of emergency contraception?

  • Levonorgestrel
  • Ulipristal
  • Copper-IUD
200

List 2 signs and 2 symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome.

  • Symptoms: dry eyes, dry mouth
  • Signs: parotid gland enlargement (5%), positive anti-Ro (ssA)/anti-La (ssB)


200

What are the 4 criteria required to establish negligence?

  • Duty of care
  • Breach in duty of care
  • Harms and damages
  • Causation
300

Draw out the brachial plexus.

We'll see

300

List the layers surrounding the testes, from deep to superficial, as well as their origins.

  • Tunica albuiginea (dense fibrous capsule)
  • Tunica vaginalis (peritoneum)
  • Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
  • Cremaster muscle and fascia (internal oblique muscle)
  • External spermatic fascia (external oblique muscle)
300

Contrast blanching and non-blanching rash, and provide 2 main reasons for a non-blanching rash.

  • Blanching rash – fades when pressure applied
  • Non-blanching rash – does not fade under pressure (remains red, purple, etc.)

2 causes of non-blanching rash:

  • Extravasation and/or sticking of blood cells into surrounding tissues  e.g. bleeding/ vessel rupture / septicaemia/ meningococcemia
  • Blood cells coated with bacterial endotoxin or complement which activates the Hageman factor (clotting factor XII , extrinsic pathway) leading to Sepsis and or Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
300

Daniel is a 26-year-old medical student who fails his end-of-year pharmacology exam. Reflecting on the result, he tells his friend: "I'm just not smart enough for medicine. I've never been academically capable, and no matter how hard I study, it won't make a difference. I'm going to struggle with every exam from here on out." He does not seek feedback from his tutors, reduces his study hours, and declines peer study group invitations over the following weeks.

Using Weiner's attribution theory, identify the combination (4) of attributional dimensions that best characterises Daniel's explanation for his exam failure.


Internal, global, stable, uncontrollable

400

Which drugs are responsible for drug-induced LE and what are their actions?

Hydralazine (HT), procainamide (arrythmias), isoniazid (TB), anti-TNF therapy (RA)

400

Outline the lymphatic drainage of the breast, including the 5 main groups of axillary nodes and the path they follow. In addition, outline the 3 levels of breast cancer relating to surgical management (axillary lymph node dissection).

We'll see...

400

Wait.

Endometriosis.

400

You are a cardiologist in a tertiary outpatient clinic. Marcus, a 58-year-old man, presents with exertional chest pain and dyspnoea, raising concern for stable coronary artery disease (CAD). In your clinic, approximately 30% of such patients are confirmed to have CAD. You order an exercise stress ECG (Sensitivity = 68%, Specificity = 77%). The result comes back positive (+ve). What is the chance that Marcus has CAD if the test is positive (+ve)?

55.9%