Neurological
How is a febrile seizure different from other seizures?
A febrile seizure is a seizure associated with a febrile illness in a child who does not have a CNS infection.
What is/are the most common cancer(s) in Pediatrics?
Leukemia
What are some non-pharm interventions for rashes?
Cool compresses, Baking soda baths, Oatmeal baths, Put mittens on hands during sleep, May give benadryl for severe itching
How are cognitive impairments measured?
Intellectual functioning is measured by the intelligence quotient (IQ) test score of 70 and below or as high as 75.
What is the most common endocrine disorder in children?
Type I diabetes
Defined as two or more unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart and can be caused by a variety of pathologic processes in the brain.
What is epilepsy?
What are the main precautions with Wilm’s Tumors?
Do NOT to palpate the tumor unless absolutely necessary because manipulation of the mass may cause dissemination of cancer cells to adjacent and distant sites. Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common kidney tumor of childhood (peak incidence between 2 and 3 years old). If on right side, difficult to distinguish from the liver, although, unlike that organ, it does not move with respiration.
What is the major concern with wild animal bites?
Rabies
What is the difference between a developmental delay and a cognitive impairment?
Developmental disability can be described as any significant lag or delay in a child's physical, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, or social development when compared against developmental norms.
CI is an impairment encompassing intellectual ability and adaptive behavior that are functioning significantly below average.
The causes of severe CI are primarily genetic, biochemical, and infectious.
What is diabetes insipidus? Causes? Signs and symptoms? Management?
DI is caused by a deficiency of or insensitivity to the hormone vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH), which regulates the balance of water in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
What medications are used as rescue medications to stop seizures?
Intravenous (IV) fosphenytoin
What is a Retinoblastoma and how is it treated?
Retinoblastoma - most common intraocular malignancy of childhood.
Enucleation may be used to treat advanced disease with optic nerve invasion in which there is no hope for salvage of vision.
Irradiation can be used when there is vitreous seeding.
Chemotherapy brachytherapy (surgical implantation of an iodine-125 applicator on the sclera until the maximum radiation dose has been delivered to the tumor)
Photocoagulation (use of a laser beam to destroy retinal blood vessels that supply nutrition to the tumor)
Cryotherapy (freezing of the tumor, which destroys the microcirculation to the tumor and the cells themselves through microcrystal formation)
major sign of retinoblastoma
leukoria
How do you recognize Precocious Puberty?
Sexual development in girls <8 and boys <9 years old
Caused by ealry/ premature activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
This refers to a defect that is not visible externally. It occurs most frequently in the lumbosacral area (L5 and S1). May not be apparent unless there are associated cutaneous manifestations or neuromuscular disturbances.
Spina bifida OCCULTA
What is the definitive diagnosis for Leukemia?
Bone marrow aspiration or Biopsy; Lumbar puncture: once the diagnosis is confirmed, an LP is performed to determine whether there is any CNS involvement.
Definitive diagnosis for Leukemia
Bone marrow aspiration or Biopsy - monotonous infiltrate of blast cells.
Lumbar puncture: once the diagnosis is confirmed, an LP is performed to determine whether there is any CNS involvement.
what is sensory overload? Interventions?
overly senstitive or desentized to a particualr type of sensory input, can have negative effect on mood, daily function, leardning
interventions:
- diary, be proactive and anticipate episode, use calm voice, provide sunglasses and noise cancelling head phones
Describe a complicated grief reaction
Complicated grief reactions (>1 year after the loss):
Intense intrusive thoughts
Pangs of severe emotion
Distressing yearnings, feelings of excessive loneliness and emptiness
Unusual sleep disturbance
Maladaptive levels of loss of interest in personal activities