Diabetes Basics
This hormone lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells
What is insulin?
This biguanide medication is considered first-line pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes.
What is metformin?
What is insulin glargine?
Damage to small blood vessels in the eyes leading to vision problems is called this.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
According to the ADA guidelines, the typical A1c goal for most non-pregnant adults is below this percentage?
What is <7%?
This diagnostic test measures average blood glucose over approximately 3 months.
What is Hemoglobin A1c?
This medication class lowers glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
This insulin type has an onset of about 30-60 minutes and must be given before meals.
What is regular insulin?
Nerve damage that causes tingling or numbness in the feet is known as this.
What is diabetic neuropathy?
This fasting blood glucose goal for most adults with diabetes is this range.
What is 80-130 mg/dL?
According to the ADA diagnostic criteria, diabetes is diagnosed when A1c is greater than or equal to this percentage.
What is 6.5%?
This injectable medication class slows gastric emptying and increases satiety.
What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?
This insulin has a pronounced peak and is often dosed twice daily.
What is NPH insulin?
Kidney damage caused by diabetes is called this.
What is diabetic nephropathy?
This monitoring device continuously measures interstitial glucose levels.
What is continuous glucose monitor (CGM)?
This autoimmune form of diabetes results from destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
This insulin type has the fastest onset and is used for mealtime coverage.
What is rapid-acting insulin?
The common ratio used to estimate total daily insulin dose in insulin-naive type 1 patients is approximately this many units per kg.
What is 0.5 units/kg/day?
This acute complication involves hyperglycemia, ketones, and metabolic acidosis.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
This laboratory test should be checked annually to assess kidney damage in diabetes.
What is urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)?
This condition occurs when blood glucose drops below 70 mg/dL.
What is hypoglycemia?
This dual incretin medication activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors for glucose control and weight loss.
What is tirzepatide?
The "rule of 15" is used to treat this diabetes complication.
What is hypoglycemia?
This severe hyperglycemia emergency usually occurs in type 2 diabetes and lacks significant ketosis.
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
This cardiovascular medication class for diabetes has proven benefits in heart failure and kidney disease.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?