Under Pressure
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) is measured by?
What is:
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Normal 70-100
Name one non-modifiable risk factor for stroke?
What is: Increased age (greater than 55), family hx, male gender, race (African Canadian), Prior TIA/Stroke, and migraine with aura.
True or False
For a concussion to be diagnosed, there must have been a loss of consciousness?
What is False
What is the number one cause of stroke
What is HTN
This type of surgery removes plaque from the carotid artery.
What is: Carotid Endarterectomy
The earliest sign of increasing ICP?
What is: a change in LOC
Name a risk factor for Brain Aneurysm?
What is: PCKD, fibromuscular dysplasia, AVM, Connective tissue disorders, family hx, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
The most common cause of Encephalitis is?
What is Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
What does the acronym FAST stand for?
Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech
Time
What is the most common complication from a lumbar puncture (LP)?
What is: Headache
The Glascow coma Scale consists of what three main features?
What is: eye, motor, and speech reponse
What heart defect does chronic HTN increase the risk for?
What is: Atrial Fibrillation
What is often characterized by "the worst headache of my life"
What is: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
What is the difference between a TIA and stroke?
What is: DOES NOT CAUSE TISSUE DEATH
It may be a warning sign of an impending stroke (greatest incidence 1 month after TIA), regardless of time, individuals should seek medical assessment.
What is the medication of choice to treat spasms?
What is Baclofen
This __________ response which is seen when cerebral blood flow decreases is made up of what 3 signs?
What is: Cushing's
Rise in systolic BP
Widening pulse pressure and
slowing of the heart rate
Age greater than 35
Cigarette smoking
HTN
Diabetes
Migraine with aura
Hx of VTE
What is usually the worst type of hematoma within the brain?
What is: Epidural due to trauma to the meningeal artery
Why is timing so important with stokes?
What is:
Eligibility for thrombolytic therapy.
Onset 3 hours or less is ideal. Can be given up to 4.5hours
Central cord syndrome is characterized by motor deficits to?
What is: Upper extremities
What is the class of medication given to decrease cerebral edema?
What is: Osmotic diruretics
Define Metabolic Syndrome.
Must have 3 of the following:
Elevated BP
Elevated Waist Circumferance
High Triglycerides
Reduced HDL
Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
From outer to inner what are the 3 membranes of the meninges?
Name one contraindication to Thrombolytic therapy, beside time?
What is:
Absolute = hemorrhage or any bleeding condition that could increase hemorrhage.
Relative:
BP greater than 180/105
Increased INR >1.7
Decreased platelet count less than 100 x10^9/L
Stable Blood sugar - not lower than 2.7 or higher than 22.2
Elevated aPTT
CT showing early signs of extensive infarction
No surgeries within 14 days
No stroke or HI within 3 months
No hx of intracranial bleed
Direct Oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use
Arterial puncture at a non-compressible site in the last 7 days.
Stoke symptoms due to a non-ischemic cause i.e. seizures, hypo/hyperglycemia
The most common type of MS is?
What is relapsing -remitting (complete recovery between exacerbations