Indigenous Peoples
The people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry.
The Metis
Founder of Port Royal.
Samuel de Champlain
The Haida Nation is location in this part of Canada
Western Canada
Special ceremonies held by Northwest Coast peoples.
Potlatch
Workers recruited to build the railway quickly.
The Chinese workers
This word means 'The People.'
The Inuit
Main job of voyageurs.
Transporting/trading furs.
West Coast.
The two main Haida clans.
Eagles and Ravens
Symbol found on Metis Flag
infinity symbol
Name the three Indigenous groups in Canada.
First Nations, Inuit, and Metis
The animal that began the fur trade economy
beaver
Two important features of Haida Gwaii's environment.
Rich ocean waters - surrounding Pacific Ocean provided fish, shellfish, and sea mammals that were important for food and trade.
What were two purposes of totem poles in Northwest Coast Indigenous cultures?
Tell stories or family histories
Show status or clan identity
Honour important people/events
Mark significant places/graves
Why treaties were important in Canada.
agreements between First Nations peoples and the Canadian government.
They were made to share land, establish peace, and outline rights and responsibilities of both groups.
Why are oral traditions important to Indigenous cultures?
First known European explorer in present-day Saskatchewan.
Henry Kelsey
Compare how Inuit life was shaped by geography.
Arctic
Frozen land , difficult for farming
Hunters and Fishers
Relied on seals, whales, fish and caribou for food, clothing and tools.
Snow and Ice influenced their shelters, transportation and clothing.
Used sleds and kayaks to travel and wore animal skins to survive harsh climate.
What the medicinal pipe represents on the Siksikacoat of arms.
peace
What was the purpose of the underground railway?
Helped enslaved African Americans escape slavery in the US and travel safely to freedom in Canada.
STEAL QUESTION: Explain two ways First Nations used the land before Europeans arrived.
Huning and Fishing - food, clothing, tools. Used all parts to reduce waste.
Farming and Gathering - Some groups grew crops such as corn, beans and squash, while others gathered berries, plants, and medicines from the land.
STEAL QUESTION: Why was the fur trade important to Europeans?
Beaver fur was very valuable in Europe.
Beaver pelts were used to make fashionable hats and clothing.
Helped Europeans make money, explore new parts of Canada, and build trading relationships and settlements.
STEAL QUESTION: Why did immigrants settle in Western Canada?
Canadian goverment wanted people to farm the land and help grow communities and the economy.
The government also wanted to increase settlement in the West and strengthen Canada's control of the region.
STEAL QUESTION: Each First Nations Group has its own:
Language
Culture
Customs
Beleiefs
STEAL QUESTION: Explain how Europeans changed Indigenous lives.
Europeans brought disease → population decline, Changed ways of life and traditions, Led to trade relationships (e.g., fur trade), Caused loss of land and cultural impacts