States of Matter
What state of matter has particles that are packed closely together in fixed positions?
Solid
How does the motion of particles in a substance change when it is heated?
Particles move faster and further apart
What is the process called when a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting
What is thermal energy?
Energy in the form of heat
What happens to the molecules in a cup of water when it is cooled?
Molecules will move slower
In which state of matter are the molecules farthest apart?
Gas
What happens to the particle motion in Jackson's soda when ice cubes are added? (Question 2 on worksheet)
Particle motion of the soda decreased
Describe what happens to water molecules when they evaporate.
They move faster and further apart as it turns into a gas.
What happens to the temperature of a substance as thermal energy is added?
Temperature increases
How does shade affect the amount of heat energy reaching an object?
Shade decreases the amount of heat energy that reaches an object
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
They are packed closely together in fixed positions
How do particles behave in a gas compared to a solid?
Particles in a gas are much further apart and moving much faster and more randomly
Particles in a solid are closely together and vibrating in place
What is condensation, and how does it occur?
Gas to liquid, occurs when thermal energy is removed/temperature decreases (condensation point)
How does thermal energy move between the ice cubes and the soda when they are combined? (related to Question 2 of worksheet)
Thermal energy moves from soda to ice cubes
Motion of particles in soda decreased
Motion of particles in ice cubes increased
What is the boiling point of rubbing alcohol, and what happens to its molecules at this temperature? (Question 7 on worksheet)
108oC, molecules begin to move independently from each other
A balloon is filled with helium gas. How do the gas molecules behave inside the balloon?
They are moving freely, bouncing off of the inside of the balloon.
When thermal energy is added to a solid, what happens to the motion of its particles?
What happens to particles during melting?
Particles are moving faster and further apart (solid to liquid)
How does heat affect the motion of water molecules in a teapot?
It makes them move faster.
What is the best material for a lid to keep a milkshake cool in direct sunlight, and why?
Aluminum foil, took longest time for ice to melt in direct sunlight
Aluminum is a solid at room temperature. Why is that?
At room temperature, aluminum is below its melting point.
Explain how the motion of particles in a liquid differs from that of a gas.
Particles in a liquid can still be in contact and move past each other, slower than in a gas
Particles in a gas move very quickly and have little to no contact
Which words/phrases did you use to complete the paragraph in Question 8 of your worksheet?
increased, increase, increase, faster, sped up
Explain how heat energy travels in a straight line.
The shaded ice cube melted more slowly than the ice cube in direct light.
Describe the heating and cooling curve for water and what it illustrates about state changes.
Heating curve shows temperature as heat is added
Cooling curve is opposite - temperature as heat is removed
Flat parts - phase changes (melting and boiling points/freezing and condensation points)