Pneumonia
This happens in pneumonia
What is INFLAMMATION OF PARENCHYMAL STRUCTURES OF THE LUNG
This is aspiration pneumonia
what is Passage of fluid and/or solid particles into the lung – sets up an inflammatory reaction
Fluid in the pleural space
What is the pathology of pleural effusion?
antihistamine
Antihistamine—treatment of allergic rhinitis
Most common complaint is sedation
Loratadin (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), & diphenhydramine (Benadryl) are oral
This prompts respiration
What is Elevated CO2 stimulating chemo-receptors in the brain
What is from inhalation or aspiration of a pathogen (i.e. bacteria or virus). Includes pneumococcal and viral pneumonia
primary vs secondary
what is
Primary = from inhalation or aspiration of a pathogen (i.e. bacteria or virus). Includes pneumococcal and viral pneumonia
Secondary = follows lung damage from noxious chemical or other insult; may come from hematogenous spread of bacteria; may come from aspiration
thorocentesis
How does the provider removed the fluid?
decongestant
what are used for treatment of allergic rhinitis and upper respiratory infection
Alpha agonists to cause vasoconstriction
Problems include rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, C-V effects, hemorrhagic stroke
Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine), pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Reduced level of oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxemia.
This describes secondary pneumonia
What is follows lung damage from noxious chemical or other insult; may come from hematogenous spread of bacteria; may come from aspiration
These are clinical manifestations
What are
Hypoxemia; pts with significant respiratory distress require oxygen
Fever, chills, leukocytosis, tachycardia, tachypnea
Sputum, dyspnea, productive cough, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis
Tenacious sputum
Egophony, increased tactile fremitus, dull to percussion
Different types of fluid
What are hemorrhagic, purulent and others
nasal glucocorticoid
what are used in allergic rhinitis
Reduced level of oxygen in the tissue
What is hypoxia.
These are risk factors for pneumonia
what are :
¡Smoking
¡Chronic illness/debilitation
¡Age
¡Abdominal or thoracic surgery
¡Atelectasis
¡Colds or viral respiratory disease
¡Aspiration
immunocompromised
¡Compromised airway protection
¡Recent hospitalization
¡Chronic lung disease(COPD, CF)
¡Ventilated pt. (VAP)
¡Impaired swallowing
atelectasis
what is incomplete expansion/collapse of a segment or portion of the lung
relates to fluid and electrolyte balance
what is pleural effusion and third spacing
antitussives
What are cough suppressants
some include opioids (codeine and hydrocodone)
Hydrocodone, dextromethorphan
raise the head of the bed
This is the V/Q Ratio
What is LOW V:Q ratio –perfusion is fine but ventilation problem
what is pneumothorax
pneumothorax
what is abnormal presence of air in the pleural space
expectorants
what makes a cough more productive by stimulating respiratory tract secretions
Guaifenesin
nursing measure for expectorants
what is drink more water