Organized Chaos
This term refers to having too many individuals at middle management and management levels.
Excessive Layering
This group of theories says people are motivated by internal needs.
Individualistic Theories of Motivation
This theory from McGregor implies that management must constantly control, punish, and manipulate workers.
McGregor's Theory X
This philosophy views workers as whole individuals, not just as people who perform certain tasks for the organization, but as people with feelings and desires that go beyond the work environment.
HR Philosophy
People with this personality trait are gentle, cooperative, and forgiving.
Agreeableness
This term refers to the number of people one person can effectively supervise.
Span of Control
This is the first and most basic need of all people, according to Maslow.
Physiological
This management philosophy focuses on improvement and meeting customer needs.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
This management style allows subordinates to participate in decision making and planning, particularly with their own responsibilities and unit operations.
Participatory management
This term refers to broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.
Values
This term refers to an organizational structure where each person has a specific rank and some out-rank others.
Hierarchy
This is the highest and final need of all people, according to Maslow.
Self-Actualization
Under a bureaucratic leadership style, this is an ambitious and generally unethical person who uses every opportunity to further their career.
Climber
A classical organization structure with specialized units and a chain of command.
Vertical structure
This refers to the manipulation of others within the organization to achieve and hold power and use that power for personal, rather than organizational, benefits.
Machiavellianism
This term refers to placing one person in charge of an organization at the top.
Unity of Command
This refers to a stable set of characteristics representing the internal properties of an individual, which are reflected in behavioral tendencies across a variety of situations.
Personality
This style of supervisor expects aggressive law enforcement from subordinates and sees community service as nonessential or unimportant.
Traditional Supervisor
This is a more democratic form of policing where officers volunteer for small teams and select their own supervisors, having almost absolute authority for how they police their areas.
Team Policing
This term refers to the people or "levers" that are necessary to maintaining power.
Keys of power
This kind of gathering brings together individuals from each level of the chain of command.
Vertical Staff Meeting
McLelland identified this need as well as the need for power and the need for achievement.
Need for affiliation
According to Likert, this term refers to a leader who has no confidence or trust in subordinates, and subordinates are not allowed to provide input into decisions.
Exploitative Authoritarianism
This term refers to the ability of open systems to reach a final state by a variety of paths.
Equifinality
This theory says that organizations exist in environments which require change
Contingency theory