Lecture 1
Linguistic competence is...
Language and speech units and rules of their use. The ability to produce and interpret meaningful utterances according to language rules.
What Is a Teaching Method?
Teaching method is a way of teaching a
language which is based on systematic
principles and procedures,
a series of related and progressive acts
performed by a teacher and students to achieve the
objective of the lesson.
3 functionally different types of methodology
General methodology
Private methodology
Special methodology
Flipped Classroom
• Maximise in-class speaking and collaboration
•Instructional content (lectures, grammar explanations) is studied before class (videos, readings). Classroom time is used for communication and active practice.
More time for interaction and feedback. Promotes learner autonomy.
Lead-in tasks
Activity that prepares learners for the lesson topic.
The aims of language teaching
Educational
Practical
Cultural
Developmental
Grammar
translation method
(
Began in Germany (at the end of the 18th century Became popular in early years of the 19th century. Application of methods used in Latin and Greek to teaching
of modern languages.
Little or no attention to pronunciation spoken form of language
ESL EFL TEFL
ESL English as a second language
EFL English as a foreign language
TEFL Teaching English as second language
. Project-Based Language Learning (PBLL)
Use long-term projects to promote authentic language use.
Students work collaboratively on real-life projects.
Emphasis on creativity, problem-solving, and communication.
Projects often integrate multimedia.
Example: Creating a travel brochure or producing a video in the target language.
6 types of icebreakers
Discussion-based icebreakers
virtual icebreakers
creative and fun, energetic icebreakers
Introduction and team building
Principles of Foreign Language Teaching
The principle of accessibility, durability, visuality, individualisation and activity
Direct Method
Reaction against Translation method
•
Expert Teachers are required
Use of Audio Visual aids compulsory
Practice of Speaking important
Not useful of ordinary teachersNot useful for crowded classes
aim of TBLT
•Learn language through completing real-world tasks.
•Language is used as a tool to complete meaningful tasks.
•Focus on interaction and problem-solving.
•Tasks are goal-oriented (e.g., planning a trip, conducting a survey).
AILL
•Use AI tools for personalized, interactive language learning.
•Chatbots and virtual tutors (e.g., AI conversation partners).
•Real-time pronunciation and grammar feedback.
Controlled and restricted activities are....
practise new language in a limited form.
Components of Foreign language teaching
Psychological
components: habits
and skills which ensure the use of the
target language as a means of
communication in oral (hearing,
speaking) and written, reading,
writing) forms.
2.
Linguistic components
i.e. language
and linguistic material which should
be assimilated to be used in language
skills.
3.
Methodological
component i.e. the
techniques which pupils should
acquire to learn the foreign language in
a most effective way.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
Second language learning is parallel to first language learning and
should reflect the same naturalistic processes
2.Listening should develop before speaking
3.Children respond physically to spoken language, and adult learners
learn better if they do that too
4.Once listening comprehension has been developed, speech develops
naturally and effortlessly out of it.
5.Adults should use right brain motor activities, while the left
hemisphere watches and learns
6.Delaying speech reduces stress.
CLIL
•Learn a subject (e.g., science, history) through a foreign language. language learning + subject learning.
•Encourages higher-order thinking skills.
•Strong in multilingual educational contexts (e.g., Europe).
•Teaching geography in English to non-native speakers.
Silent way
a method of language teaching devised by Caleb Gattegno. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom but the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible.
types of drilling
choral drill
individual drill
substitional drill
transformational drill
Connection
of Method of Foreign Language Teaching to Other
Sciences.
Methods of foreign language teaching are
closely related ( to other sciences
such as pedagogy, psychology, physiology,
linguistics, and some others.
Communicative Language
Teaching
The
origins of Communicative Language Teaching are to be
found in the changes in the British languages teaching
tradition dating from the late 1960 s Interest in and
development of communicative style teaching mushroomed
in the 1970 s authentic language use and classroom
exchanges where students engaged in real communication
with one another became quite popular
Blended Learning
Combine face-to-face teaching with online tools.
Use of LMS (Learning Management Systems) like Moodle, Google Classroom.
Allows personalized, flexible learning paths.
Flipped classroom – students watch a video at home and do practice in class
Suggestopedia
......a portmanteau of "suggestion" and "pedagogy" is a teaching method used to learn foreign languages developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist Georgi Lozanov. It is also known as desuggestopedia. First developed in the 1970s, suggestopedia utilised positive suggestions in teaching language. creating a positive atmosphere in the classroom.
cloze test
Cloze test: A specific type of gap fill where words are removed at regular intervals.
(e.g., every seventh word) to test reading ability or general language use.