General
What is the name of the ceremonial Native American pipe that has spiritual significance, often used in ritual prayers and offerings, particularly among Plains tribes?
The Peace Pipe (or Calumet)
Which battle in 1876, fought between the Lakota Sioux and the U.S. Army, resulted in the death of General George Custer and his men?
The Battle of Little Bighorn
What is the name of the Native American group that originally inhabited the area now known as New York City?
Lenape
The Zapatista movement in Mexico, which began in 1994, is named after which revolutionary leader of the 1910 Mexican Revolution?
Emiliano Zapata
Which U.S. tribe has the largest population, with over 300,000 enrolled members as of the 2020s?
The Navajo Nation
Which Native American tribe is known for having one of the most complex and organized systems of governance, with a confederacy structure that influenced the U.S. Constitution?
The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee)
Which tribe, led by Chief Sitting Bull and Chief Crazy Horse, fought against U.S. forces in the Great Sioux War of 1876?
The Lakota Sioux
Which Native American group is known for its rich cultural traditions, such as powwows, beadwork, and drumming, and is found primarily in the northern Great Plains?
the Blackfoot
The Inca Empire, one of the largest pre-Columbian civilizations, was centered in which modern-day country?
Peru
Which federally recognized tribe, based in Oklahoma, has seen its membership grow rapidly in recent years, reaching over 100,000 enrolled members in the 2020s?
The Cherokee Nation.
Which Native American leader, a member of the Osage tribe, became the first woman in U.S. history to be elected as a Native American tribal leader in the 20th century?
Wilma Mankiller (Cherokee, although she was not from the Osage, she was a leader in Native American politics).
In which 1872-1873 conflict did a group of Modoc warriors, led by Captain Jack, successfully resist U.S. Army forces for several months before eventually surrendering, marking one of the last major Native American resistance efforts in California?
The Modoc War
What is the name of the modern-day Native American organization that represents over 500 tribes in the United States and advocates for tribal sovereignty and rights?
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)
Which Native American group is credited with creating the first written system of communication in the Americas?
the Maya
Which Alaskan Native tribe, with around 17,000 members, holds the distinction of being the largest indigenous group in Alaska and is known for its cultural practices tied to the Arctic environment?
The Iñupiat
Which Native American leader, known for his resistance against U.S. military forces, led the Nez Perce tribe during the Nez Perce War of 1877?
Chief Joseph
In 1680, which Native American leader orchestrated a rebellion against Spanish colonial forces, leading to the temporary expulsion of the Spanish from New Mexico and the restoration of Pueblo autonomy?
Po'pay
Which Canadian indigenous group is known for their totem poles and is part of the larger group of tribes called the Pacific Northwest Coast peoples?
the Haida
The Mapuche people are indigenous to which South American countries?
Chile and Argentina
Which tribe, with a population of around 30,000 members, is known for being one of the first to adopt a written constitution and the first to establish a tribal police force, and is based in Florida?
The Seminole Tribe of Florida.
Which traditional Hawaiian dance, performed to chant and song, tells stories through rhythmic body movements and was revitalized in the 20th century as part of the Hawaiian Renaissance?
Hula
What was the name of the last major conflict between Native American tribes and the U.S. Army, fought between 1890 and 1891, which ended the armed resistance of the Lakota Sioux?
The Ghost Dance War
What language family do the languages spoken by the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw tribes belong to?
The Muskogean language family
The Taino were one of the first indigenous groups encountered by Christopher Columbus. Which Caribbean islands were they native to?
The Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola
As of the 2020s, which tribe has the smallest population of federally recognized tribes in the United States, with fewer than 100 members?
The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians