Vowels
What are the 4 vowel characteristics?
Tongue height, tongue advancement, lip rounding, tenseness/laxness
What are the two major categories of consonants
sonorants and obstruents
What does the burst represent on a spectrogram?
The explosion of the articulators
What do F1 and F2 stand for on a spectrogram?
Tongue height and tongue advancement
If a wave completes 4 cycles in 6 seconds what is the frequency?
4/6 Hz
List all rounded vowels
/u/, /ʊ/, /o/, /ɔ/, /ɚ/. right hook reverse epsilon
Sounds formed by forcing air through a narrow constriction of the vocal tract
Fricatives
What number does the burst occur at?
0ms
what is amplitude represented by on a spectrogram
shading
What is an allophone of /t/ but not /d/
glottal stop
F1 and tongue height have what kind of relationship?
inverse
[p, b] [f, v] [θ, ð] [t, d, ɾ] [s, z] [ʃ, ʒ] [tʃ, dʒ] [k, g]
These are all what?
Allophones
What is vocal fold vibration represented by on a spectrogram
The voice bar
what distinguishes /l/ and /r/ on a spectrogram
f3
When do we use a flap?
2 syllables
Stress on the first
Intervocalic /t/ or /d/
4 vowel characteristics of /u/
back, high, rounded, tense
List all of the approximants
/w/, /j/, /l/, /r/(upside down)
A plosive with a VOT of more than 25ms is
voiceless
what distinguishes /w/ and /j/ on a spectrogram
f2
Voiceless plosives in the initial position of a stressed syllable
4 vowel characteristics of /ə/
central, mid, unrounded, lax
What is the process of a stop?
articulators come together, intraoral pressure builds, articulators are blown apart
Define voice onset time
time between the burst and he onset of voicing
A. F1: 300 Hz / F2: 2500Hz
B. F1: 300Hz / F2: 850Hz
Which is more likely to be /u/ and which is more likely to be /i/
A. /i/
B. /u/
Define formant
resonant frequency of the vocal tract