2(A) The Need for Scientific Research in Psychology
What is hindsight bias?
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Information obtained by interviewing many individuals
Survey
A research Method where they manipulate one or two variables
An experiment
What is single-blind procedure?
Participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment
Refers to the Arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding all scores together, and dividing by the number of scores.
Mean
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Question
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Naturalistic observation
In an experiment, you give a group medicine when they are sick to see if it is effective. What do you call the group that received the medicine?
Experimental Group
What are ethics in psychology?
The methods of conduct / standards for proper and responsible behavior
Refers to the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution.
Mode
“Intelligence: Measured by a person's score on a standardized IQ test. “ What kind of definition is this?
Operational Definition
What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation on an individual using questionnaires and brain scans to test memory.
Case Study
In an experiment to see whether coffee influences the test scores of students, you give one group coffee to drink before the test, and give the other group milk instead. What do you call the group that received the milk?
Control Group
You think Lukas is mean, so you act reserved, causing him to be less friendly in return. What is this an example of?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What do you call a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution?
Normal Distribution
What should you do if you want to determine whether your findings extend beyond a single study research?
Replication/Replicate the experiment
What research method is being used if a psychologist follows a group of freshmen throughout their entire high school experience
Longitudinal Study
In the same experiment to see whether drinking coffee affects test scores, there is a smart person in the group that was given coffee which affected the results of the experiment. What do you call the smart person in this experiment?
Confounding Variable
I drank a soda thinking it was an energy drink. I still felt energized.
Placebo effect
Refers to the computed measure of how much scored vary around the mean.
Standard deviation
What are two components of the scientific attitude?
Possible answers: Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility
Studying groups of participants over different ages and comparing them to draw conclusions about age
Cross-Sectional Study
The group who got the experimental medicine is starting to show signs of improvement in their health. What kind of variable is the improvement of the subject's health?
Dependent Variable
What are at least three ethical concerns when conducting a study? (According to the APA)
Informed Consent, Information treated confidentially, protection against psychological/physical harm, limited deception, debriefed
The ___ refers to the number of standard deviations a score is from the mean.
Z-score