Cell growth division and reproduction
the rate at witch materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cells?
surface area
Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the?
centromere
What is a blastocyst?
a rapidly dividing ball of cells that forms 5 to 6 days after fertilization
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
homozygous
What is the probability of flipping a coin twice and getting two heads?
1/4
In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first?
duplicates the genetic information
If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?
12
What is cell differentiation? Make a drawing that illustrates the process.
the process by which a generic, unspecialized stem cell transforms into a specific, specialized cell type
Mendel had many stocks of pea plants that were true-breeding. What is meant by this term?
the plants, when self-pollinated over several generations, always produce offspring with the same, identical traits as the parent
Why can multiple alleles result in many dife-phenotypes for a trait?
a gene pool contains many allelic variations
The process that increases genetic diversity within a population is
Sexual reproduction
In plant cells, what forms divide midway between the
a cell plate
Cells from a plant leaf, root, and stem have different characteristics that can be observed when viewed under a microscope. How can cells from a single plant have different characteristics?
they undergo cellular differentiation
Explain how Mendel kept his pea plants from self-pollinating.
manually removing the pollen-producing male organs (anthers) from the flowers before they could mature
What is the ratio of the phenotypes expressed by the ofpring in this cross?
9:3:3:1
Describe what is meant by each of the following terms: cell volume, cell surface area, ratio of surface area to volume.
Cell volume refers to the amount of space inside the cell.
two complementary phases of the cell cycle
Why is cell division a necessary process for cells to function?
to grow, heal injuries, replace old or dead cells, and reproduce
A Punnett square is used to determine the
probable outcomes of a genetic cross
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals rets the formation of
four genetically diverse haploid gametes (sperm cells)
Describe asexual and sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves two people a sexual involves one to reproduc.
Bone marrow cells that produce blood cells are
hematopoietic stem cells
Different forms of a gene are called
alleles
The physical characteristics of an organism are called its
phenotype
Which pair of traits is MOST LIKELY to be inherited together?