Fossils
What do we call the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants and animals?
Fossil(s).
What is the name for the chart scientists use to show Earth’s history divided into eras and periods?
Geologic time scale.
What principle says the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the newest are at the top?
The law of superposition.
How many times was the California State Constitution of 1879 ammended?
More the 480 times.
Who was Biddy Mason before she became a free woman and a successful business owner in Los Angeles?
She was enslaved (born enslaved in Georgia) and later became free and a businesswoman.
Name one place where fossils are most often found (type of rock).
Sedimentary rock.
Which era listed includes the time when dinosaurs like Triceratops and Stegosaurus lived?
Mesozoic Era.
What geological process bends rock layers into wavy patterns, bringing older layers closer to the top?
Folding.
Dalip Singh Saund was the first Indian American and Asian American to serve where?
In the U.S. Congress.
What major 1850 event allowed California to join the United States as a free state?
The Compromise of 1850.
What type of fossil preserves the activity of an animal, such as footprints or bite marks?
Trace fossils (imprints).
Name one fossil or organism listed from the Cenozoic Era in the reading.
Examples: Saber-toothed cat (Holocene), Mammoth (Pleistocene), Whale (Miocene), etc. (any Cenozoic example).
What is a crack in rock layers called that can move layers past each other?
Fault.
How much did Biddy Mason save to buy property on Spring Street?
$250
Name two rights protected by the First Amendment (choose from the list in the reading).
Freedom of religion; freedom of speech; freedom of the press; right to assemble; right to petition (any two).
What kind of fossil forms when minerals replace the hard parts of an organism, turning them into rock-like material?
Mineral replacement fossils (petrified fossils).
About how many years ago did the Cambrian period begin (use “million” in your answer)?
About 542542 million years ago (Cambrian begins ~542 million).
Name the Grand Canyon layer that has many marine fossils (the reading mentions this layer by name).
Redwall Limestone.
How many parts / branches did our Constitution split our government into?
3 parts; judicial, legislative, and executive branches.
What law, passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, allowed enslavers to capture people who fled even into free states?
The Fugitive Slave Law.
If an organism is completely preserved in amber or ice, which fossil type is that called?
Preserved fossils (preserved in amber or ice).
Which era is the oldest listed that included primitive cells or bacteria?
Archean Era.
Because folding or tilting or faulting can move layers so older layers appear above younger ones; earth forces change original order.
What does ratify mean?
To officially accept something.
Give two ways Biddy Mason used her money to help people in Los Angeles (from the reading).
She used money to buy property and provide housing/help to people in need; she donated to churches and helped start an African American church and an elementary school (any two).