The Arabs
Where did Arabs arise?
the Arabian peninsula
What moral conflict did Muhammad face?
witnessing the greed of the elites
What is a caliph?
a successor of Muhammad
What was the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty?
Baghdad
What two methods of trade were used in the Islamic world?
Ships and caravans
What is a Sheikh?
a ruler of an Arab tribe
What is the key difference between Muhammad and Jesus?
Jesus is seen as divine while Muhammad is seen as solely a prophet.
Who was the first caliph?
What was Baghdad known for?
being a center of large trade
What mathematical systems did Muslims develop?
Algebra
What jobs did Arabs have when they first arose?
What is Hijrah?
journey of Muhammed and his followers to escape persecution
What is Jihad and what was it used to do?
"striving in the way of God"; use to expand
What change was made under the Abbasids regarding Muslims holding office?
All Muslims could, Arab or non-Arab
What is one reason for the split in Islam?
2. Distant regions developing individual power
3. Finances
Who did Arabs worship?
Allah, tribal gods, and a Black Stone
What are the five pillars of Islam?
belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage
How did Muslim warriors feel about dying in battle?
That it would lead to paradise
What types of jobs were valued under the Abbasids?
judges, merchants, and government officials
What roles were slaves given in the Islamic world?
military soldiers and domestic servants
Where is the Black Stone that Arabs worshipped located?
The city of Mecca
What is Shari'ah?
law code written after Muhammed’s death, laws for daily Muslim life
What were the consequences Christians and Jews faced if they chose to keep their religion?
taxes and banned from building places of worship
List two reasons for the decline of the Abbasid Dynasty.
Fights over succession
Financial corruption
Shortage of qualified Arabs for positions
Non-Arabs had to be recruited and began to dominate army and government
Rulers began to break away and start their own dynasties
What was the difference between Shia and Sunni Islam?
Shia – only accepted descendants of Ali as true rulers of Islam
Sunni – accepted Umayyads as caliphs