Landforms 1
Each landform has specific __________ and each landform forms in a __________ way
characteristics; different
Which layer of Earth are people on?
Crust
What theory explains how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to spread and continets to move?
Theory of plate tectonics
Where do most volcanoes form?
At plate boundaries
Magma becomes _______ once it reaches Earth's surface
lava
What are the first 3 ocean features after continent? (In order)
Continental -> Continental shelf -> Continental slope -> Continental rise
What are 2 types of maps that show the elevation of Earth's landforms?
Relief map
Topographical map
What is the evidence that proves the theory of continental drift?
- Same types of rocks that are the same age
- Mesosaurus fossil
What is the circle of volcanoes in the Ocean called?
In what ocean is it?
The Ring of Fire
Pacific Ocean
What is a hot spot?
It is a stationary pool of magma
Which ocean feature covers 40% of the ocean floor?
Which layer is made of Earth's liquid/solid water? How much of Earth's surface is covered by this layer?
Hydrosphere
70%
What theory did Wegener have? Explain.
Theory of continental drift
Millions of years ago Earth's continents were joined together like a complete jigsasw puzzle
As time passed, some force pulled the puzzle pieces apart to the positions they are in today
What part of the volcano does magmap erupt through?
What do you call a hole formed by a empty volcano collapsing?
- Vent
- Caldera
What are the 3 states of a volcano? Explain each.
Active - is currently erupting or has recently erupted
Dormant - A volcano does not erupt for some time
Extinct/dead - volcano that stops erupting
How is the crust and the upper mantle divided?
What is each section made of?
Lithosphere = crust + top of upper mantle (solid rock)
Asthenosphere = bottom of upper mantle (almost-melted rock)
What kind of map is a relief map?
What kind of map is a topographical map?
Which map would you use to find out how steep a mountain is? Why?
Shaded map that looks like it's 3D
Map that uses contour lines to show elevation
Topographical map; the distance of the contour lines can tell you how steep or gradual a slope is
How do mid-ocean ridges form?
- Magma flows out between plates
- When it touches the cool ocean water, the lava cools and build up on both sides
What can cause volcanoes at plate boundaries to erupt? (2)
1. Crack forms above the chamber
2. Pressure in the chamber grows too great to be held in by the rock above
What are the 3 types of volcanic mountains?
Shield volcanoe
Cinder-cone volcano
Composite volcano
List 3 Earth's land features and 3 Earth's water features
Land: Mountain, hill, valley, canyon, cliff, plain, plateau, desert, beach, dune
Water: Ocean, coast, tributary, river, waterfall, lake, estuary, delta, inlet
What are all of Earth's layers? (In order from the outside to inside)
Atmosphere -> Hydrosphere -> Crust -> Upper mantle -> Lower mantle -> Outer core -> Inner core
How do mountains form? (2 ways)
What kinds of mountains do they create? Give examples of each.
1. Compression - folded mountain (Himalayas)
2. Plates rubbing past another - fault-block mountain (Sierra Nevada)
How do the island chains form? Give an example.
- Tectonic plates pass over hot spot
- Over millions of years, lava erupting forms a mountain
- As the mountain grows it becomes a volcanic island
- As the plate moves the island moves away from the hot spot
- A new volcanic island starts to form
ex) Hawaiian island
How does an island arc form?
Give an example.
- As the plate is pushed down, it melts into magma
- The magma rses upward, and erupts through the ocean floor
- These eruptions for a series of volcanic islands along the plate boundaries
ex) The Aleutian Islands in Alaska