Ethos/Pathos/Logos
making yourself as author into an authority on the subject, as well as someone wrothy of respect
ethos
"You cannot trust her advice on the new budget plan because she failed her high school math class.."
ad hominem-Attacking the person making the argument instead of addressing their actual point.
this foundation is based on protecting those who are vulnerable
care/harm
living a vulnerable lifestyle
poor, homeless, transient, prostitute
"ignore native voices...ending in a whitewash" the meaning of whitewash is
figurative/rhetorical answers - a coverup, assimilation, erasing or downplaying history, sports defeat
by donating only 50 cents a day, you can give a child clean drinking water
pathos
Person A: "We should spend more money on public parks and community centres." Person B: "So you want to defund the police and leave our entire city completely unprotected?"
Strawman-the arguer sets up wimpy version of the argument to try to knock it down
sanctity/degradation
Masher-->White Wing (why the name change of this nuclear bomb?)
"it happened in a vacuum" means...
persuading based on reason
"If you do not vote for this tax cut, you hate the local economy."
false dichotomy-Presenting only two choices or outcomes when more possibilities actually exist.
this foundation concerns forming cohesive coalitions and partnerships
loyalty/betrayal
"collateral damage"
civilian casualties
truculence
aggressive, hostile, quick to oppose
using stories, inspirational quotes, vivid language
pathos
"If we allow students to use phones in class today, tomorrow they will stop coming to school, and eventually, the entire education system will collapse."
slippery slope - Claiming that a small first step will lead to a chain of extreme, negative events without proof.
triggers for this foundation include cooperation or selfishness
fairness/cheating
enhanced interrogation techniques
torture
etymology
the study of words and their origins
references to studies, statistics, case studies, analogies, metaphors
logos
"Running a country is just like running a household budget. If a family can't spend more money than they bring in, the federal government shouldn't either."
Weak analogy - Why it fails: Governments can print currency, influence interest rates, and invest in massive public infrastructure that spans generations—abilities an ordinary household does not have.
Woodstock '99 is an example of which foundation
Authority/Subversion
ethnic cleansing
It generally describes the systematic forced removal, displacement, deportation, or transfer of a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group from a territory to make an area homogeneous. This often involves extreme violence, including murder, rape, and property destruction
"beggars belief"
incredibly difficult to believe, outlandish,