Acronyms
What are the ABCs?
bonus point: what is ABCDE?
airway, breathing, circulation
airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
scene safety, MOI/NOI, rapid transport considerations, triage patients, consider equipment and request more help
what are the two ways to assess LOC?
AVPU and Glascow Coma Scale
What is a Red Flag?
signs or symptoms of an injury that require IMMEDIATE medical attention
What is the most appropriate initial action when assessing a patient who appears unconscious on the field?
A: Shout and tap the patient to check for responsiveness
B: Check airway, breathing, and pulse rate
C: Begin CPR immediately
D: Attempt to obtain a SAMPLE history
A: Shout and tap the patient to check for responsiveness
What is a SAMPLE history?
signs & symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, events leading up to incident
True of False: you would identify the chief complaint BEFORE performing a primary assessment
False
What are the four levels of consciousness?
alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive
Give 3 examples of significant MOIs
vehicle collision or ejection from vehicle, falls from more than 20ft for adult or 10ft for child/infant, bicycle collision, blunt trauma to the chest, penetrating wounds to chest, abdomen, or head, head trauma with intracranial lesion, spinal cord injury, exsanguinating or uncontrolled hemorrhage
Which of the following best supports survival from sudden cardiac arrest during sport participation?
A) Administering aspirin and calling EMS
B) Monitoring the athlete's vitals until EMS arrives
C) Immediate CPR and early defibrillation with an AED
D) Knowing the athlete's medical history
C) Immediate CPR and early defibrillation with an AED
Besides a SAMPLE history, you may also ask further questions such as OPQRST..what does this stand for?
onset, provocation/palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity, time
What is a primary assessment?
forming a general impression by assessing LOC, ABCDEs, rapid trauma assessment, and priority of care
A patient responding to a sternal rub would be considered what level of consciousness according to AVPU?
response to painful stimuli
What is the Golden Hour?
the time where treatment of shock/traumatic injuries is most critical for emergency treatment to improve survivability
Which of the following findings would be most concerning during a primary assessment of an athlete following head trauma?
A) One fixed and dilated pupil with no reaction to light
B) SpO2 reading of 97% with a 3+ pulse
C) Respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute, non-labored
D) Systolic blood pressure of 118 mmHg with a pulse of 82 bpm
A) One fixed and dilated pupil with no reaction to light
CABSSS is the modified approach to the ABCs for sports medicine; what does it stand for?
circulation, airway, breathing, severe bleeding, shock, spinal injury
a c-spine injury
A combined Glascow Coma Scale of less than 8 is considered what?
unresponsive or comatose
What is the critical interval where you decide if you are doing onsite treatment or loading and going called?
platinum 10 minutes
Which of the following are considered life-threatening conditions that must be addressed during the primary assessment? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
a: Closed mid-shaft femur fracture
b: Ankle sprain with localized swelling; patient able to walk off the field with assistance
c: Severe external bleeding
d: Respiratory arrest
c: Severe external bleeding
d: Respiratory arrest
During the physical exam you would perform DOTS on the overall body and PMS on the extremities; what are DOTS & PMS?
deformities, open wounds, tenderness, sweling
pulse, motion, sensation
As an AT you have 2 major rolls during an emergency situation... what are they?
give care for life threatening conditions
summon advanced care as soon as possible
What are the three categories of the Glascow Coma Scale and the numbers that go along with each?
eye opening: 1 (none) - 4 (open spontaneously)
verbal stimulus: 1 (none) - 5 (oriented)
motor stimulus: 1 (none) - 6 (obeys commands)
The Initial evaluation of a differential diagnosis can USUALLY be condensed to what 3 things?
head (trauma), heat, and heart
Match each component of the SAMPLE history with its correct description:
1. "Previous ACL reconstruction on my right knee two years ago"
2. "I was running down Bayshore when I started to feel really weak"
3. "I take Adderall and Birth Control every day."
4. "I feel like an elephant is sitting on my chest."
P - 1. "Previous ACL reconstruction on my right knee two years ago"
E - 2. "I was running down Bayshore when I started to feel really weak"
M - 3. "I take Adderall and Birth Control every day."
S - 4. "I feel like an elephant is sitting on my chest."