Muslim Ways
the holy scriptures of the religion Islam
Quran
church leaders
Clergy
a man who separates himself from ordinary human
society in order to dedicate himself to god; lives in a monastery
Monk
Circus Maximus, a Roman chariot-racing stadium
and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy; first and largest stadium in
ancient Rome and could accommodate over 150,000 spectators
Hippodrome
Arabic for God; the supreme god of Islam
Allah
acts of worship every Muslim must
perform; this includes belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage
Five Pillars of Islam
the head of a convent
Abbess
a woman who separates herself from ordinary human
society in order to dedicate herself to god; lives in convent
Nun
“Holder of power,” the military and political head
of state under the Seljuk Turks and the Ottomans
Sultan
an epidemic disease
Plague
a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after
Muhammad’s death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to
regulate their daily lives
Shari’ah
The Frankish king who unified the Franks, converted
to Christianity, and laid the foundation for modern France, ruling from around
481 to 511
Clovis
church leaders
Clergy
emphasized tradition, Greek
language (in the East), and theological practices separate from the growing
authority of the Pope in Rome
Eastern Orthodox Church
“Struggle in the way of God”
Jihad
the journey of Muhammad and his followers to
Madinah in 622, which became year 1 of the official calendar of Islam
Hijrah
served as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from
527 to 565, during his reign he reorganized the government and enacted several
reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption
Justinian
regular church members
Laity
eastern half of the Roman Empire that
survived for nearly 1,000 years after the western half of the empire collapsed,
based at Constantinople, at its peak it controlled territory stretching from
southern Spain to Syria.
The Byzantine Empire
a monetary value placed on a person's life in
early Germanic and Anglo-Saxon law, serving as compensation paid by a killer or
wrongdoer to the victim's family or lord to prevent blood feuds
Wergild
a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of
the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam
Sunni
king of the Franks and Christian emperor of
the West, he defined the shape and character of medieval Europe and presided
over the Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne
a group of Christian communities; or parishes;
under the authority of a bishop
Bishopric
founded by Charlemagne (Charles the
Great) reviving the Western Roman Empire uniting vast territories like modern
France, Germany, and Italy
Carolingian Empire
compilation of Roman law that
codified rules for contracts, property, family, and more, forming the basis for
many modern civil law systems
The Body of Civil Law