Fuselage and Wing Design
Name the three types of fuselage construction.
Truss frame, Monocoque, Semi-Monocoque
What are the five main types of stress acting on an aircraft?
Tension, Compression, Shear, Torsion, Bending
Name three components of an aircraft hydraulic system.
Pump, Reservoir, Actuator
What are common sources of pneumatic pressure on an aircraft?
Engine bleed air, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), Ground air supply
What are three advantages of tricycle landing gear?
Easier ground handling, Improved forward visibility, Reduced nose-over tendency
Which fuselage type combines structural strength and aerodynamic efficiency?
Semi-Monocoque
Which stress pulls a structure apart along its length?
Tension
At what typical pressure do aircraft hydraulic systems operate?
2,500–3,000 psi
Name four aircraft components that use pneumatic pressure
De-icing boots, Air conditioning packs, Pressurization systems, Engine starters
Name three types of landing gear besides standard wheels
Skis, Floats, Skids
What is camber in an airfoil?
The curvature of the airfoil relative to the chord line
Which stress twists an aircraft component along its longitudinal axis
Torsion
Name two hazards of high-pressure hydraulic systems.
Fluid injection injuries, burst lines
What are the three axes of flight?
Longitudinal (roll), Lateral (pitch), Vertical (yaw)
Where are aircraft brakes located?
On the main landing gear wheels
Define the chord line.
A straight line connecting the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing
Which stress compresses or squeezes a part
Compression
List three functions powered by hydraulics.
Landing gear, Brakes, Flight control surfaces
Which control surface controls roll about the longitudinal axis?
Ailerons
How are brakes controlled by the pilot?
Via rudder pedals; independently or together
List three benefits of winglets
Reduce induced drag, improve fuel efficiency, increase range
Which stress causes curvature in structural members?
Bending
Name two types of hydraulic fluids and their typical temperature ranges
Mineral-based (−40°C to 60°C), Skydrol/synthetic (−40°C to 135°C)
What are three ways flight controls are actuated
Mechanical cables/pulleys, Hydraulic assist, Fly-by-wire/electronic systems
What type of brakes are typically used on aircraft?
Hydraulic disc brakes