Enlightenment & Ideologies
This intellectual movement emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority
What is the Enlightenment
The nation where the Industrial Revolution began due to coal resources and stable politics
What is Great Britain
The first of the "Atlantic Revolutions," where colonists sought independence from British taxes
What is the American Revolution
The 1884-1885 conference where European powers divided Africa among themselves
What is the Berlin Conference
A major reason for urbanization as people moved to cities to work in factories
What is the Industrial Revolution
The author of The Wealth of Nations, who proposed laissez-faire economics
Who is Adam Smith
The primary energy source that powered the steam engine and propelled the Industrial Revolution
What is coal
The period in the French Revolution marked by mass executions via the guillotine
What is the Reign of Terror
The conflict in which the British East India Company gained control over India
What is the Battle of Plassey (or Seven Years' War)
The invention by Eli Whitney that increased the demand for slave labor in the American South
What is the Cotton Gin
Philosopher who argued for natural rights: life, liberty, and property
Who is John Locke
An economic system based on private ownership and free markets, which became dominant during this era
What is Capitalism
Led by Toussaint Louverture, this was the only successful slave revolt in history
What is the Haitian Revolution
Japan’s rapid industrialization and modernization in response to Western pressure
What is the Meiji Restoration
A major consequence of the Second Industrial Revolution, which was characterized by steel, electricity, and chemicals
What is mass production
The belief that government should protect the rights of its citizens and be based on the consent of the governed
What is the Social Contract
Developed by Karl Marx, this ideology sought to eliminate private property and create a classless society
What is Communism/Marxism
The 1810 uprising in Mexico was initiated by this Catholic priest, often considered the "Father of the Nation"
Who is Miguel Hidalgo
The 19th-century empire that was referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe"
What is the Ottoman Empire
This company was responsible for the initial industrial-economic domination of India
What is the British East India Company