3 Major Learning Principles
“Monkey see, monkey do”
C. Observational Learning
A student gets anxious every time they hear the school bell because it signals a pop quiz. This is an example of who’s experiment on classical conditioning?
C. Ivan Pavlov
Hillary is trying to cut her sugar intake, but can’t resist the habit of having something sweet with her coffee. Why is this a difficult habit to break?
Continuous reinforcement
A student remembers the directions north, east, south, and west using the phrase “Never Eat Soggy Waffles.” This is an example of:
B. Mnemonic device
Emma repeatedly studies key terms, strengthening her neural pathways, making recall easier. This process is called
C. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment.
B. Operant Conditioning
Watson and Rayner conditioned who to be afraid of little white rats?
B. Baby Albert
A child observes that bringing home bad grades results in a negative attitude from parents, and a good grade results in a positive attitude. Is this classical conditioning or operant conditioning?
Operant Conditioning
Driving through the countryside, you are looking at all the nice houses. A cottage with a bright red door flashes past, and even though you are still moving, you can still see the image in your minds eye. This is:
D. Iconic memory
Jennie lost her car keys while drunk. When she sobered up, she couldn’t find them. However, after a night out partying, intoxicated, she could recall where her keys were.
A. Context-Dependent Memory
B. Mood-Congruent Memory
C. State-Dependent Memory
D. Flashbulb Memory
C. State-Dependent Memory
What is the unlearned, naturally occurring automatic response to an Unconditioned Stimulus?
B. Unconditioned Response
What operant conditioning chamber was used to study the reactions of rats and pigeons and relate them to human behaviors?
A. Skinner box
If a conditioned response weakens when the CS is no longer paired with the US, this is:
C. Extinction
Still “hearing” the last few words of a person’s sentence even if you weren’t fully paying attention to them is an example of:
B. Sensory memory
Paul can easily memorize song lyrics, so every time he studies, he turns his flashcards into songs. What does this display?
C. Acoustic Encoding
The initial stage of learning, during which a response is established and gradually strengthened.
C. Acquisition
The social learning theory is based on whose study?
D. Albert Bandura
What concept states the average person can hold approximately 7+/-2 chunks of information in their short term memory?
C. Miller‘s Law
Millie tried to trick her friend, by telling her to say “silk” 10 times then asking her “what does a cow drink?” tricking her to say milk. What is Millie’s friend’s memory an example of?
A. Priming
Calum calls his girlfriend by the name of his ex-girlfriend almost all of the time. What is this situation called?
D. Proactive Interference
Innately reinforcing stimulus that satisfies a biological need such as food, water, or escape from pain.
A. Primary Reinforcer
The social learning theory is based on whose study?
D. Albert Bandura
To memorize his grocery list, Alex envisions pouring a gallon of milk at the front door, smashing eggs all over the couch in the living room, a massive banana sitting on his kitchen counter, and the bathtub overflowing with suds of laundry detergent. What mnemonic technique is this? clue: spatial
Method of loci
A student is solving a math problem in their head while also remembering the steps needed to complete it and holding intermediate results. Which part of memory is primarily being used?
C. Working memory
Julia is asked to remember the first person to offer her a Diet Coke when she was 5. What measure of retention will Julia have to use to answer this question?
C. Recall