Thyroid
An elderly patient with untreated hypothyroidism becomes hypothermic and confused after receiving opioids. Diagnosis?
Myxedema coma
A hospitalized patient has pitting edema despite poor intake. What explains this finding?
Protein deficiency
A non-fasting glucose challenge result ≥ this value is abnormal.
140 mg/dL
Antidote for severe hyperkalemia.
Calcium gluconate
A 64-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcoholism and malnutrition is admitted with weakness, muscle cramps, and tremors. The patient reports chronic diarrhea and poor oral intake over several weeks. On assessment, the nurse notes hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, irregular heart rhythm, and episodes of confusion. Telemetry shows ventricular dysrhythmias. The patient is also hypocalcemic and hypokalemic despite replacement therapy. Renal function is normal. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible for this patient’s presentation
Hypomagnesemia
A patient with Graves’ disease develops fever, agitation, and severe tachycardia post-surgery. What is the Emergency?
Thyroid storm
Painful swallowing
Odynophagia
Excess fetal growth related to maternal hyperglycemia.
Macrosomia
A patient with Na⁺ 118 and seizures requires which IV fluid?
3% saline
A 22-year-old patient with Type 1 diabetes is admitted for vomiting and polyuria. Labs show metabolic acidosis and elevated glucose. After IV fluids and insulin are started, the patient becomes weak with shallow respirations and confusion. Potassium is 3.4 and trending down. Which electrolyte shift caused this complication?
Hypophosphatemia
Priority environmental intervention for hypothyroidism.
Warm environment
Protein deficiency commonly leads to
Delayed healing
Target fasting blood glucose in GDM
≤95 mg/dL
binds potassium in stool
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
A patient with Crohn’s disease reports chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, muscle cramps, and weight loss. Labs show anemia and low calcium. What underlying problem explains these findings?
Malabsorption
The priority assessment in thyroid storm.
Cardiac status
Nursing priority when TPN is infusing.
Strict asepsis
Target 2-hour postprandial glucose.
≤120 mg/dL
Hypermagnesemia (3 answers)
Loop diuretics (if kidneys working)
Hemodialysis (renal failure)
Calcium Gluconate
A patient with heart failure presents with weight gain, crackles, bounding pulses, and distended neck veins. Urine output is low. What is the best indicator of treatment effectiveness?
Daily weight
A patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and cold intolerance. HR 52. Priority concern?
Bradycardia
Long-term GERD complication requiring monitoring.
Barrett esophagus
Uncontrolled glucose increases risk for this maternal complication
Ketosis
Phosphate binders
Sevelamer
A hospitalized patient with chronic illness, poor intake, edema, low BMI, impaired immunity, and delayed wound healing suddenly develops infection after central line nutrition is initiated. What risk factor caused this complication?
TPN infection