Topic 8 Control of Gene Expression I
The most important step of gene regulation that is known as the rate-limiting step.
What is Transcriptional Control?
Regulators that are required for specificity, exert a high level of gene control, and bind to GCRs cis-regulatory sequences.
What are Master Transcription Regulators?
What holds membranes together at high temperatures and keeps membrane fluid at low temperatures?
What is Cholesterol
These are completely impermeable through the lipid bilayer without the use of transporters and channels.
What are ions?
The largest classes of proteins that recognize distinctive hydrogen bonds on the outside of the alpha helix.
What are Transcription Factors?
A DNA element that prevents cis-regulatory sequences from activating inappropriate genes
What is an insulator?
A cholesterol found in animal membranes.
What is Sterols
Major difference between passive and active transport.
Active transport requires energy (coupling, ATP, or light-driven), while passive transport does not
Coordinately transcribed gene sets that are usually controlled by the same promoter and produces a single, long mRNA molecule.
What are Operons?
Specific sites in a eukaryotic mRNA, other than the 5' end, at which translation can be initiated
What are internal ribosome entry sites(IRES)?
These proteins are only attached to the outside of the phospholipid bilayer and are always pointing toward the outside environment.
What is peripheral membrane protein?
This ATP-driven antiporter pumps X amount of potassium ions into the cell and X amount of sodium ions out of the cell
What is the Sodium-Potassium pump; 2 potassium ions, 3 sodium ions?
Motifs are known to do this because it increases affinity and specificity of binding to DNA.
What is Dimerization?
Before translation begins, this allows the cell to regulate gene expression differently in different regions by placing mRNA near specific functional regions.
What is RNA Localization?
A sphingophospholipid containing a sphingosine backbone and a phosphate head group. Commonly found in animal cells and lipid rafts.
What is Sphingomyelin.
Amino acid residue in aquaporins that helps align the water molecules so the protons don't pass through
Asparagine (ASN or N)
Histones undergo this process to prevent access of transcriptional machinery, thereby suppressing transcription.
What is Methylation?
A nuclease that is part of a protein complex that cleaves double-stranded RNA into smaller pieces during RNAi, and also process miRNAs.
What is Dicer?
Proteins are larger than the phospholipids & have more extensive polar regions that force movement in this direction.
What is laterally?
Type of channel that responds to mechanical forces (ex.PIEZO1)
What are mechanosensitive channels?