Social Reform Movements
European period from 1400 to 1600, renewed interest in culture creates far reaching changes in learning and the view of the world
Renaissance
establishment of outlying settlements by a parent country
Colonization
assignment of different tasks and responsibilities to different groups or individuals
Division of Labor
a crop grown by a farmer for sale rather than for personal use
Cash Crop
one of the Spaniards who traveled to the Americas as an explorer and conqueror in the 16th century
Conquistador
European religious movement after the Renaissance that desired reform of the Catholic Church and began the establishment of Protestant religions
Reformation
In 1521, Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes completes his conquest of the Aztec Empire, he renames the empire New Spain, and establishes Mexico City as the capital on top of the old Aztec capital
New Spain
a person who has contracted to work for another for a limited period, often in return for travel expenses, shelter, and sustenance
Indentured Servant
a colony under the direct control of the English monarch
Royal Colony
religious group that denied the possibility of reform within the Church of England, then established their own independent congregations
Separatist
18th century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as a means of obtaining knowledge
Enlightenment
founded in 1628 by the Massachusetts Bay Company, second attempt at colonization. 20,000 people migrating to New England. strongly Puritan and government is influenced through an electorate limited to freemen who had been formally admitted to the local church.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty
Salutary Neglect
businesses in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose
Joint-Stock Companies
Christian military expeditions to the Middle East that were intended to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land
Crusades
revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1750s
Great Awakening
established by the Dutch West India Company in 1621 to capitalize on the North American fur trade. Henry Hudson was hired to explore the coast by the Company in 1609 in which he reported back fertile land and trading prospects.
New Netherland
transfer that begins with the voyage of Columbus. Plants, animals, diseases between the Western and Eastern Hemisphere
Columbian Exchange
the voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies and later to North America
Middle Passage
a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
Stono Rebellion
the transfer of the British Monarchy from James II to William and Mary in 1688 - 1689
Glorious Revolution
(1686 - 1689) was a short-lived administrative union of English colonies covering all of New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Dominion of New England
the Virginia Company’s policy of granting 50 acres of land to each settler and to each family member who accompanied him
Headright System
a series of laws enacted by parliament, beginning in 1651, to tighten England’s control of trade in its American colonies
Navigation Acts
(1675-1676) war between the New England colonists and Native American groups allied under the leadership of Wampanoag chief Metacom
King Phillips War