Moving West
a route from Independence, Missouri
to Santa Fe, New Mexico, used by traders in the early and mid 1800s
Santa Fe Trail
a law that increased the number of
federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fil most of the new posts with
federalists
Judiciary Act of 1801
a mission and fort in San Antonio, Texas where
Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836
Alamo
ideology and movement centered on intense
loyalty and devotion to one's nation, prioritizing its interests and culture
above others, often fueled by shared ethnicity, language, or history, aiming
for self-governance and unity
Nationalism
elected by popular vote; as President he
sought to act as the direct representative of the common man, first man elected
from Tennessee to the House of Representatives, he served briefly in the Senate;
major general in the War of 1812 and became a national hero when he defeated
the British at New Orleans
Andrew Jackson
a route from Independence, Missouri to
Oregon City, Oregon, used by the pioneers traveling to the Oregon Territory
Oregon Trail
Federalist appointed by Adams as the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court for more than 30 years, his decisions strengthened
the Supreme Court and the Federal Government
John Marshall
the 1836 rebellion in which Texas
gained its independence from Mexico
Texas Revolution
1803 purchase by the US of France’s
Louisiana Territory; extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky
Mountains for 15 million
Louisiana Purchase
practice in which a political party, after
winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends, and
relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep
working for the party
Spoils System
signed by President Andrew Jackson,
authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from lands east of
the Mississippi River to territories west of the Mississippi, ostensibly
through negotiated treaties but often by coercion
Indian Removal Act
decision of the Supreme Court which held
that the power to regulate interstate commerce, which is granted to the U.S.
Congress by the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, encompasses the power
to regulate navigation
Gibbons v. Ogden
Mexican general and
politician, serving as president multiple times, often dictatorial, figure in
the Texas Revolution and the Mexican-American War, ultimately losing vast
Mexican territory to the U.S.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
slogan used in the 1844
presidential campaign as a call for the US annexation of the entire Oregon
Territory
“Fifty Four Forty or Fight”
member of Congress who favored war with Britain
in the early 1800s
War Hawk
admitted Missouri as a slave state
and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power between free and
slave states
Missouri Compromise
case involved the power of Congress
to charter a bank, which sparked the even broader issue of the division of
powers between state and the Federal Government
McCulloch v. Maryland
lead Texas to independence from Mexico,
serving as the first President of the Republic of Texas, he was important for
guiding Texas to transition to statehood
Sam Houston
a gift of public land to an individual or
an organization, offered by Mexico to encourage obedience and settlement in the
early 1820s
Land grant
the forced displacement and ethnic
cleansing of about 60,000 Native Americans of the "Five Civilized
Tribes", including their black slaves, between 1830 and 1850 by the United
States government
Trail of Tears
co-led the U.S. government's expedition
from 1804 to 1806 commissioned by President Jefferson of the newly acquired
Louisiana Purchase; goals were to map the territory and find a water route to
the Pacific Ocean
Lewis and Clark
judges appointed by John Adams in the
last hours of his administration
Midnight Judges
"Father of Texas," was
an American colonizer who brought the first Anglo-American settlers to Texas
(then part of Mexico), establishing successful settlements, negotiating with
Mexican authorities for colonists' rights, and serving as a key leader in the
Texas Revolution
Stephen F. Austin
foreign policy declaring the Americas
off-limits to future European colonization and interference, establishing
separate spheres of influence and asserting U.S. non-intervention in Europe and
American leadership in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
the
1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent