Vocabulary
a number that summarizes a set of data and that can be computed by adding all the numbers in a list and then dividing by the number of numbers in the list
average
tiny organisms that are made of a single-cell
bacteria
a measure of how hot or cold something is
temperature
a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole
system
When a thing gains or loses energy, the energy gained or lost is divided among all the molecules of the thing.
10
when something becomes different over time
change
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
to move from one object to another or one place to another
transfer
a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole
system
When a thing gets colder, its molecules are moving slower and have less kinetic energy.
3
the moment when two objects hit each other
collision
a group of atoms joined together in a particular way
molecule
the ability to make things move or change
energy
the total kinetic energy of all the molecules that make up a sample
thermal energy
For things at the same temperature, the thing with more molecules has more total kinetic energy (thermal energy) than the thing with fewer molecules.
8
a balanced state in which a system is stable, such as when two or more samples are at the same temperature
equilibrium
to make something safe to eat or drink by heating it
pasteurize
water that is underground
groundwater
The molecules of a system will transfer energy until the system reaches a stable state known as equilibrium, in which all of the molecules are moving at about the same speed.
7
When a thing gets hotter, its molecules are moving faster and have more kinetic energy.
2
to reach a conclusion using evidence and reasoning
infer
when something stays mostly the same over time
stability
the energy that an object has because it is moving
kinetic energy
Things are made of molecules (or other types of atom groups).
1
Energy isn’t created or destroyed. Therefore, as energy transfers, it increases in one part of the system as it decreases in another part of the system. The total energy of a system doesn’t change.
6