Testimony
This is defined as a personal report of direct experience, expression of personal opinion, or judgment based on expert knowledge.
What is testimony?
This Greek philosopher focused on ideal forms and his name is a homophone for a children’s modeling compound found in many pre-schools.
Who is Plato?
MTV’s show “Yo Mama,” where contestants traded insults, would frequently feature this fallacy based on attacking the person rather than the argument.
What is an ad hominem?
In statistics, this term refers to the number of participants included in a study or poll.
Answer: What is sample size?
Claiming that one athlete’s behavior reflects deeper problems with college basketball as a whole is an example of this type of argument that draws a broader conclusion from a single case.
What is an argument from example?
If an economics professor gave their opinion on the correct economic policy, this would be an example of ____ testimony.
What is expert testimony?
This philosopher believed that the best ethics are created by using a thought experiment assuming there is a chance that you could be born in poor conditions and the rules create to adjust societal resources to help the most disadvantaged.
Who is John Rawls?
Also called the “fallacy of the beard,” this fallacy occurs when someone argues there’s no meaningful difference between points along a spectrum—like claiming there’s no difference between owing one dollar and a million.
What is the continuum fallacy?
Starting a graph’s Y-axis at a number other than zero in order to exaggerate or mislead viewers is an example of this misuse of statistics.
What is a manipulated baseline?
Also known as metaphors, these analogies compare things from entirely different realms of experience.
What are figurative analogies?
If your friend gave their thoughts on which season of the Bachelor is their favorite, this would be an example of _______ testimony.
What is lay testimony?
Immanuel Kant used this imperative as part of his deontological theory of ethics.
What is categorical?
A parent would commit this fallacy, which dismisses an individual as unqualified based on an accident of circumstance, if they said their priest couldn't criticize their parenting because he is childless.
What is poisoning the well?
This person lends their name to a paradox showing how trends in subsets of data can reverse when the data are combined.
Who is Simpson?
Using "the Kremlin" (a complex of buildings in Moscow) to refer to the Russian government would be an example of ______.
What is metonymy?
If multiple people give very similar testimony that is quite aligned with each other, that would be an example of _____ testimony.
What is concurrent testimony?
Associated with the School of Names, this Chinese philosopher who focused on paradoxes and language once asked “is a white horse not a horse?”
Who is Gongsun Long?
A politician saying, “I won’t even bring up my opponent’s affair,” is using this rhetorical fallacy that mentions something by pretending not to mention it.
What is paralepsis?
This person analyzed bombers from World War 2 and hypothesized about survivorship bias.
Who is Wald?
Often used in legal reasoning about precedent, this type of literal analogy argues that similar cases should receive similar treatment.
What is a judicial analogy?
Testimony of someone who is confessing to a crime, would be an example of ______ testimony.
What is reluctant testimony?
This is the name that Confucius gave to a good and virtuous person.
Who/what is a Junzi?
This Latin name for the bandwagon fallacy literally means “to the people.”
What is ad populum?
In 1936, Literary Digest utilized flawed polling methods, including voluntary responses from wealthier individuals from telephone directories and car registrations, to predict this Republican candidate would defeat Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Who is Landon?
This literal analogy, with a Latin name, asserts that what is true of its evidence case is even more likely or even less likely to be true of its conclusion case.
What is an a fortiori argument?