Study Design
This term is used to describe a study where both the patients and the researchers know what type of treatment is being given
What is Open-label?
This test involves comparing proportions between two groups
What is the Chi-square test?
This measure of dispersion is reported with a median and represents the middle spread of the data distribution between the 25th and 75th percentiles
What is the Interquartile Range?
If 25/122 experienced fluid overload in the aggressive fluid group and 8/127 experienced fluid overload in the moderate fluid group, what is the NNH?
What is 7 or 8?
ARR = 25/122 - 8/127 = 20.5-6.3
NNH = 1/.142=7.04 = 8 rounded up
or
NNH = 100/14.2 = 7.04 = 8 rounded up
This type of trial is conducted to show that a new treatment is more effective than the standard treatment
What is a Superiority Trial?
This test involves comparing means between two independent groups
What is the Student’s t-test?
This technique involves substituting values for missing data
What is Data Imputation?
Randomized controlled trials fall under this category in terms of types of studies
What is Experimental?
This non-parametric test involves comparing medians between two independent groups
What is the Mann-Whitney U or the Wilcoxon Rank sum test?
This measure of association compares the incidence of an outcome in the treatment group to the incidence of an outcome in the control group
What is Relative Risk?
This term represents a comparison group being used in an RCT
What is Controlled?
This test is used to assess normality
What is the Shapiro-Wilk test?
This is an independent group of individuals who evaluates adverse events and patient safety and determines if a study should be stopped early
What is the Data and Safety Monitoring Board?
This is a study design used with RCTs where one group only receives treatment A (Ex. Aggressive Fluid) and one group only receives treatment B (Ex. Moderate Fluid) throughout the duration of the study
What is Parallel-Group?
This method was used in this study to calculate relative risks adjusted for the randomization stratification factors (center, baseline presence or absence of SIRS, baseline presence or absence of hypovolemia)
What is the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Method?
These are set up in an RCT with interim analyses to determine if the study needs to be terminated at each interval
What are Stopping Rules?