Zeus
What is the name that we call the first language of ancient Greece? (Bonus 100: Who spoke it?)
Linear B (Minoans and Mycenaeans)
What is the name of the largest island in Greece? (Bonus 100: Is it north, east, south, or west of the mainland?) (Bonus 100: What famous mythical creature was said to live on this island?)
Crete (south and a little east) (the Minotaur!)
What is a peninsula?
a landmass surrounded by water on almost every side; an almost island; land sticking into water
Where were the gods said to live in Greece? (Bonus 100: In which part of Greece?)
On top of Mount Olympus (in the northern part of the mainland or peninsula)
What is philosophy?
The study of knowledge, existence, and reality. (Philosophers ask deep questions, do thought experiments, and make arguments)
What is an epic?
A very long poem that tells a story about heroes. Greeks told them to pass on stories from history and mythology. (Homer is famous for writing down the epic poems of the Odyssey and the Illiad)
What is Greek mythology? (Bonus 200: tell us a myth in a few sentences!)
Greek myths are stories that explain how the world works and who the gods are. Greek myths started as spoken stories; later, people started writing them down, so we know them today!
What crops and animals did the ancient Greeks raise? Name 2+ of each category.
They grew crops like olives, grapes, barley, wheat, chickpeas, lentils, cucumbers, nuts, apples, pears. They raised goats, sheep, and bees. They fished a lot too!
Name 4+ Greek gods AND 1+ thing that each represents.
Zeus/king+sky, Aphrodite/love+beauty, Apollo/music+light+healing, Ares/war, Artemis/hunting, Athen/wisdom+war+crafts, Demeter/farming+seasons, Hephaestus/fire+metalwork, Hera/queen+marriage+women, Hermes/messenger+roads+dreams, Hestia/hearth+home, Poseidon/sea+water,
What is a colony, and why did Greeks have colonies?
A colony is an area of land under the control of another country. Greeks set up colonies to farm more food and get more resources. (Greeks were not the first colonizers!)
What were the Olympics, and how do they relate to religion?
Athletic competition (ex. racing, wrestling, ong jump, javelin, discus) between poleis every four years; they played these sports to honor the gods (and to compete/show off, test soldiers' skills, enjoy entertainment)
What is a monarchy, and who were the first two monarchies in Greece?
monarchy = one ruler like a king; Minoand and Mycenaeans
What are the most common kinds of artwork we have today from Ancient Greece?
statues and pottery (they last the test of time!); (we also have jewelry and fresco paintings)
What did ancient Greeks invent to make farming easier, and how does it work?
They carved terraces or sections of flat farmland into mountainsides like steps.
What currencies did Athens and Sparta use?
Athens used coins; Sparta used iron bars
What types of governments did Athens and Sparta have? Name and define both.
Athens was a democracy, which means ruled by the people. Sparta was an oligarchy, which means ruled by a few.
Name 2+ ancient writers and what they wrote or studied.
Philosophers Socrates, Aristotle, Plato; historians Herodotus and Thucydides; playwright Sophocles; epic poet Homer; fable writer Aesop
How did the landscape isolate early Greek communities?
mountainous and rocky land as well as many islands separated by sea (and storms!); this geography separated and isolated early communities (who later developed strategies to travel, mostly by boat!)
What are 3+ types of buildings that Greek architects often designed?
temples, theaters, meeting places, homes, city walls
What is a polis, and what are 3 examples (names) OTHER THAN Athens and Sparta?
Polis = city-state; Delphi, Olympia, Knossos, Mycenae, Thebes, Corinth, and many more! (Troy was a NEIGHBORING city-state that the Greeks fought)
Did women have more freedom in Athens or Sparta? Give an example of a freedom or limit on women in these poleis.
Athens: did NOT allow women to inherit property, speak to husband's friends, participate in government; go to school; few jobs or public roles for women
Name and define the five types of places that ancient Greeks built in each polis.
Polis = city-state
Acropolis: highest point with temple (originally a fort!); Agora: marketplace downtown; City wall to protect the polis from invaders, farmland (duh!), harbor for boats and trade
Explain the difference between the three meetings in Athens' government: the Boule, the Ekklesia, and the Dikasteria.
Boule: proposes laws for the Ekklesia, 500 citizens at a time chosen by lottery; Ekklesia/Assembly: meeting to decide on laws; any citizen over 18 allowed in to discuss and vote (generals facilitate); Dikasteria: court systems to interpret laws (citizens also pariticipate)
Name 2+ ancient scientists and what they studied or achieved.
Eratosthenes (estimate circumferance of Earth), Ptolemy (Earth at center of universe), Aristarchus (relatioships between sun/moon/Earth and size of sun); Hypatia (wrote about geometry, astronomy, and philosophy), Arhcimedes (engineering including rule lever, compound pulley, water lifting device for irrigation, inspiration for future engineers!), Euclid ("father of geometry" and textbook writer);
How were the values of Athens and Sparta different? Describe the values of each polis.
Athens valued education, art, architecture, trade, luxury, and tourism. Sparta valued military training and strength. (Both had very strong militaries, schooling, and slavery.)