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Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
100
ESL
What is English as a Second Language?
100
A generic term that means any skill or action - simple or complex- you teach a client or a student. The term is applicable to educational and medical settings. Anything a clinician teaches regardless of the professional setting is a target behavior.
What is target behavior?
100
Describe the skill to be learned Set up the target behaviors Starting point of treatment
What are instructions?
100
When presented immediately after a response is made, increase the future probability of that response
What is positive reinforcement? Example: A teacher who otherwise ignored a child may promptly attend to a child’s misbehavior, thus inadvertently reinforcing the troublesome behavior. These behaviors are most effectively reduced by extinction (withholding attention).
100
A declining rate of response when untrained stimuli are presented and reinforcers are withheld
What is generalization?
200
Asking a child from Hawaii to identify a snow plow, Asking a child from Alaska to identify a palm tree, Asking a child from Russia to identify the Statue of Liberty.
What is cultural bias?
200
Normative and Client Specific
What are the two main approaches to selecting target behaviors?
200
Clinician’s production of a client’s target response An effective procedure in establishing many kinds of target behaviors. one of the widely used methods of teaching new behaviors
What is modeling?
200
This reinforcement maintains an undesirable behavior when that behavior terminates an aversive event. The undesirable behavior is strengthened and is more likely to be exhibited in the future because it helped reduce or eliminate the aversive event.
What is negative reinforcement? Example: A teacher removes a child who fusses from circle time. The child has a sensitivity to loud music and wants to be removed
200
Families strengthen behaviors the clinician has already established Parents may have to establish at least some of the behaviors The primary treatment responsibility rests with the clinician, but in some treatment programs, that responsibility is assigned to family members.
What are home treatment programs?
300
Interpreter
What is someone who speaks the same language (better if they have the same ethnic background) as the client who can help the SLP with interviews?
300
All request, commands, demands, and similar utterances
What are mands?
300
Form of modeling that should immediately follow the modeled stimulus
What is Imitation?
300
Presumed when behaviors do not seem to have environmentally generated maintaining causes. Neither externally delivered positive reinforcement nor negative reinforcement seems to account for the frequency of the behavior under observation.
What is automatic reinforcement? Example: Undesirable behaviors are presumed to generate neural or sensory consequences that reinforce those behaviors.
300
Treatment resumed for a client after dismissal is called
What is booster treatment?
400
Consecutive interpreting
What is when an individual talks, pauses, and then the interpreter translates?
400
Motor speech disorder involving difficulty in initiating and executing movement patterns necessary to produce speech, even though there is no paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech muscles
What is apraxia?
400
Stimuli or partial stimuli that preceded the target response.
What is a prompt?
400
Procedures for terminating positive reinforcers for responses to be reduced; the same as being ignored
What is extinction?
400
Teach clients to judge the accuracy of their behaviors Train clients in target behavior charting Teach clients to implant signals that remind them of the target behaviors in their everyday lives
What is teaching self-control?
500
Simultaneous interpreting
What is when the interpreter translates as the individual talks?
500
Impairment in understanding, formulating, and expressing language caused by brain damage
What is aphasia?
500
Manual guidance is physical assistance When the client cannot make a physical movement at all, you may have to manually assist that movement and reinforce the client for any success. In manual guidance, you gently but firmly make a movement happen.
What is shaping?
500
Procedures of reducing a behavior by response-contingent presentation or withdrawal of stimuli; the same as corrective feedback
What is punishment?
500
An assessment of response maintenance over time. It is a conversational probe of communicative behaviors.
What are follow-up assessments?