Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption
process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
commonly called anorexia, a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all.
Antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful substances
Atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces; thought to be caused by a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol; can lead to a heart attack or stroke
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
(rate) the rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
Bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
Body mass index (BMI)
calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
Bulimarexia
psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that have been eaten.
Bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
Calorie
the amount of eat produced during metabolism is the way the energy content of food is measured
Calorie-controlled diets
includes both low-calorie and high-calorie diets
Carbohydrates
(called starches/sugars) are the major source of readily usable human energy
Cellulose
the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cholesterol
sterol lipid fund in body cells and animal products used in the production of steroid hormones
Diabetes mellitus
the body doesn’t produce enough of the hormone to metabolize carbohydrates
Diabetic diet
used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Digestion
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts and changes the food chemically
Essential nutrients
are composed of chemical elements found in food; used by the body to perform many different body functions
Fat-restricted dietsFat-restricted diets
also called low-fat diets, usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
Fats
commonly called oils or lip-ids, are organic compounds
Fiber diets
usually classified as high fiber or low fiber
Hypertension
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
Lipids
commonly called fats or oils, are organic compounds
Liquid diets
includes both clear liquids and full liquids
low-cholesterol diet
restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily.