Waste to Energy
A digestion process without oxygen produces this gas: a. Oxygen b. Methane c. Nitrogen d. Carbon dioxide
b. Methane
These organisms account for most of the Earth's biological activity: a. Nematodes b. Worms and ants c. Bacteria and microbes c. Fungi
c. Bacteria and microbes
T or F: Time + natural systems can produce water suitable for human consumption from the densest raw sewage
True
Element that is the limiting factor in natural treatment systems a. Nitrogen b. Carbon dioxide c. Oxygen d. Lead
a. Oxygen
Inventor of the water closet in the 19th century: a. Thomas Crapper b. Billy Shittler c. Pat McWaste
a. Thomas Crapper
The two types of reuse, according to Lyle: a. Industrial reducing and reusing b. Small-scale reusing and upcycling c. Systemic reduce and reuse d. direct reuse and mechanical recylcing
d. Direct reuse and mechanical recycling
The basic conflict of waste management in the industrial nations
Environment vs. Consumption/Production/Economy
The three ecologically conscious general natural sewage treatment systems: a. Aquacultural ponds b.wetlands c. river dumping d. root zones
a. Aquacultural ponds, b. wetlands, and d. root zones
Percentage that composting can reduce the volume of organic waste: a. 25% b. 40% c. 70% d. 90%
d. 90%
The name of the Perinaz Bhada-Tata and Daniel Hoornweg reading that was assigned for today
"Solid Waste and Climate Change"
Carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides, dioxin, lead and mercury, and toxic fly ash are produced by what: a. Incineration and open burning of trash b. Incineration c. Open burning of trash d. Pyrolysis
a. Incineration and/or open burning of trash
Material that is very energy efficent to recycle, only using 1/3 of the original energy cost: a. Steel b. Aluminum c. Glass d. Plastic
b. Aluminum
In the US how many gallons of sewage does the average person produce per year: a. 2,000 gallons b. 10,000 gallons c. 20,000 gallons d. 30,000 gallons
c. 20,000 gallons
True or False: Compost is an anerobic process
False, it is an aerobic process
Ways that policy can help reduce, reuse, and recycle, mentioned by Bhada-Tata/Hoornweg, select 3:
(a). Variable pricing for trash collection (b). Providing e-waste recycling drop offs (c). Fees/tax for buying single use objects (d). Extended producer responsibility (EPR) legislation (e). Imposing fees for excessive food waste
a. Variable pricing for trash collection
c. Fees/tax for buying single use objects
d. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) legislation
The direct common factor of the incineration of waste and refuse, production of derived fuel, pyrolysis, and gasification: (Select all that apply) a. Produce pollutants b. Converting waste to energy c. Minimizing waste d. Freeing up space in landfills
b. Converting waste to energy AND c. Minimizing waste
Name two basic factors in/methods of solid waste management (globally applicable)
Reduction, collection, recycling, composting, incineration, landfill/dumping, and cost
Name 2 pros and 1 con (or 3 pros) of sewage treatment wetlands/marshes (Lyle reading)
Pros: Natural process, returns nutrients, provides wetland habitat, cheaper, tourism Con: Smelly, bugs (arguable)
"Three especially important" types of biological reassimilation: (According to Lyle) a. Composting b. Natural sewage treatment c. Phytoremediation d. Bioremediation e. Mycoremediation
a. Composting b. natural sewage treatment and d. bioremediation
The waste sector accounts for what percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions (as of 2016): a. 1-2% b. 3 - 5% c. 5-10% d. 10-15%
b. 3 - 5%
The name of the process of heating waste to a high temperature in the absence of oxygen that produces syngas, tar, and char: a. Incineration b. High heat waste to energy c. Pyrolysis d. Industrial burning
c. Pyrolysis
The two steps that well-managed landfills do to process methane: a. Collect and burn b. Ignore and release c. Prevention and aerating the soil d. Divert food waste and profit
a. Collect and burn: 1. Collect it, and use it as fuel --> 2. Flare the gas to prevent accumulation (convert to carbon dioxide)
Untreated sewage in freshwater supplies can cause what water-borne diseases (Select all): a. cholera b. polio c. dysentery d. bubonic plague e. diarrhea
All of the above: cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, polio, and bubonic plague
Name at least 3 reasons why composting is considered sustainable: (select all) a. it's useful b. enhances soil health c. improves crop yield d. acts as bioremediation (organic pollutants) e. bacteria hate it f. CO2 emissions of compost =the amount of CO2 that the alive plants consumed
a. it's useful, b. enhances soil health, c. improves crop yield, d. acts as bioremediation (organic pollutants), f. CO2 emissions of compost =the amount of CO2 that the alive plants consumed
Methane's global warming potential compared to carbon dioxide is ____ times more: a. 20 b. 25 c. 28 d. 72
b. 25x (Bhada-Tata, Hoornweg)