Cell Organelles
The "powerhouse" of the cell responsible for cellular respiration and making ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
The non-dividing phase where the cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and prepares for division.
What is Interphase?
The chromosomes line up single file along the cell's equatorial plate during this phase.
What is metaphase?
The two identical copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere after DNA replication.
What are sister chromatids?
The term for programmed cell death, which removes damaged or unnecessary cells.
What is apoptosis?
This organelle is covered in ribosomes and modifies proteins before packaging them into vesicles.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?
The specific sub-phase of Interphase where the cell's DNA is replicated.
What is the S phase (or Synthesis phase)?
The nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes during this first stage.
What is prophase?
A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, represented by the symbol n.
What is haploid?
The disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth due to failures in the cell cycle checkpoints.
What is cancer?
Found only in plant cells, this structure provides rigid support and protection outside the cell membrane.
What is the cell wall?
The phase that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is the M phase (or Mitotic phase)?
This process immediately follows telophase and involves the pinching apart of the cytoplasm.
What is cytokinesis?
The structure made of protein and DNA that forms during Prophase and is visible under a light microscope.
What is diploid?
These are the specific microtubule structures that pull the chromosomes apart during anaphase.
What are spindle fibers (or microtubules)?
This organelle receives, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids before shipping them to their final destinations.
What is the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)?
This is the final checkpoint in the cell cycle, ensuring that all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle.
What is the M checkpoint (or Spindle Checkpoint)?
The sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?
The process in Meiosis I that results in a random arrangement of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate.
What is a chromosome?
The process in Meiosis I that results in a random arrangement of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate.
What is independent assortment?
This organelle receives, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids before shipping them to their final destinations.
What is a lysosome?
The non-dividing state entered by some specialized cells like nerve cells and muscle cells.
What is the G0 phase?
Chromosomes arrive at the poles and new nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromosomes.
What is telophase?
The specific location where the spindle fibers attach to the chromosome.
What is the centromere?
If a cell fails the G1 Checkpoint, this is the most likely reason.
What is DNA damage?