Neurons
Neurons are located in
The nervous system and brain
Axon (function)
Transmits impulses down the nerve
Types of neuroplasticity
Developmental and Adaptive
Synaptogenisis
The formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system.
Do all ABIs cause the same effects on people?
No, ABIs can affect individuals in vastly different ways depending on which section of the brain is affected
Neuron (structure)
A neuron is an individual nerve cell that is specialised to
receive, process and transmit information.
Mylein sheath (function)
Insulates the axon to protect the electrical impulses traveling through the nerve
Developmental plasticity
Changes in the brain that occur in response to aging and maturation
Synaptic pruning
The process of synapse elimination or weakening to improve efficiency
Traumatic brain injury
Damage to the brain caused by an external force (brain trauma)
Neuron (function)
Carry information to the appropriate part of the
nervous system, interpret the message and enable a
response.
Dendrite (function)
Connects to the axon terminals of another nerve to receive impulses through the synapse
Adaptive plasticity
The brain’s ability to restore adequate neural functioning over time after injury.
Myelination
The formation and development of myelin sheaths around neurons
Non-traumatic brain injury
Damage to the brain caused by internal factors (such as a tumor or lack of oxygen)
Structures of the neuron
Dendrites, Soma (and nucleus), Axon, Myelin sheath and Axon terminals.
Axon terminal (function)
Connects to the dendrites of another nerve to transmit impulses through the synapse
Factors that influence developmental plasticity.
Synaptogenisis, Synaptic pruning and Myelination
Sprouting
The growth of new nerve endings ('sprouts') which connect with other undamaged nerve cells to produce new neural pathways.
ABIs can affect which aspects of functioning?
Biological, Psychological and Social functioning
Synapse
A small pocket of space between two nerve cells where they can pass chemical signals to communicate
Soma (structure/contents)
The main cell body, contains the nucleus ('brain') and other organelles
Factors that influence adaptive plasticity.
Sprouting and Rerouting
Rerouting
The brain creates a new neural pathway around damaged neurons