Pathophysiology
What immune system reaction causes anaphylaxis?
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
Name 2 common signs of anaphylaxis?
Wheezing, hives, angioedema, hypotension, difficulty breathing.
What is the first line treatment for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What life threatening complication can occur if anaphylaxis is untreated?
Airway obstruction/shock
Parents of a child with severe allergies should always carry what?
Epinephrine auto-injector
What is the pathophysiology of JIA?
Imbalance of immune and inflammatory cells that infiltrate joints leading to thickening of synovial fluid. Hypoxia of joints causes production of cells that promote bone growth and new blood vessels to enter joint space.
What the hallmark symptom of JIA in the morning?
Joint stiffness
Methotrexate
Long term joint inflammation in JIA can lead to what complication?
Joint deformity/disability
What should parents of a child with JIA encourage each morning?
Gentle activity/exercise to reduce stiffness
In SLE, immune system abnormalities and production of antibodies attack healthy tissue leading to what?
inflammation and pain
What is the classic facial finding of SLE?
Butterfly rash
What class of drugs is commonly used for SLE but causes side effects like moon face?
Corticosteroids
Which life threatening complication is common in pediatric SLE?
Lupus nephritis/renal failure
Teens with SLE should be taught to avoid what environmental trigger?
Sun exposure/UV light
How is HIV transmitted to children?
Perinatally, breastfeeding, blood exposure
Name two opportunistic infections children with HIV are at risk for.
Pneumonia, candidiasis, CMV, TB
What is the goal of antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV?
Suppress viral load to undetectable levels, prevent disease progression
Without treatment, HIV progresses to what?
AIDS
What is a key strategy for medication adherence in pediatric HIV?