Apple Core
Hot, melted rock below Earth's surface
Magma
A map that shows the elevation of an area of Earth's surface using contour lines
Topographical map
A wide, gently sloped cone that forms from flowing lava
Shield volcano
The rocky surface that makes up the top of the lithosphere, including the continents and the ocean floor
Crust
Earth's water, whether found on continents or in oceans, including the freshwater in ice, lakes, rivers, and underground
Hydrosphere
A stationary location in Earth's mantle where magma melts through a tectonic plate
Hot spot
A map that shows the elevation of an area using colors or shading
Relief map
Where would be a good place to go in your house if there was an earthquake?
Under a table or sturdy surface
What would be the worst place to be in an earthquake? (Which vocab word? Near the…)
Epicenter
A string of volcanic islands made from melted rock rising up from under the sea floor
Island arc
How do mountains form?
When tectonic plates rub against each other and push the ground up.
The layers of gases that surround Earth
Atmosphere
How does an earthquake happen?
When tectonic plates hit each other, causing tension through the Earth.
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Near tectonic plates
Name three landforms that are above sea level:
Varies
Ex: volcano, hills, mountains
What is the difference between active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes?
Active = exploded/lava spills recently
Dormant = exploded in past, could explode again
Extinct = will never erupt again
Does a globe show elevation? If not, what does?
No, topographical or relief map
What are the two scales used to measure earthquakes? What is the difference between the two?
Mercalli and Richter
Mercalli = people's perception/damage
Richter = seismograph reading
How does a tsunami occur?
By an earthquake in the ocean.
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Composite, cinder cone, shield
Explain the layers of the Earth, comparing them to the parts of an apple:
(Outer core, inner core, mantle, and crust)
Inner Core = Seeds
Outer Core = Core
Mantle = Apple flesh
Crust = Apple skin
Where in the US is there a high elevation? Where is a low elevation?
Varies
Ex: Colorado, Florida
Explain what Pangea is:
Pangea is a theory that all of the continents at one time were once connected.
Why are buildings built differently in places like California, where tectonic plates meet?
Because California experiences a lot of earthquakes, so the buildings need to withstand earthquakes.
What are the three parts of a volcano?